Apparatus and method for emulating transactional infrastructure with a digital transaction processing unit (dtpu)

ABSTRACT

Digital transaction apparatus including a Data Assistance Device (DAD), including a user interface that is operable to at least select data, and a DAD transmitter, a Digital Transaction Card (DTC), including a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU), and a DTC receiver, wherein the DAD and DTC are operable to transfer data from the DAD to the DTC and when sub -sequently using the DTC to effect a digital transaction, the DTC operates in accordance with data selected and transferred from the DAD to the DTC, wherein the DTPU is configured to enable data communication with a digital transaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute one or more commands that emulate commands received from the digital transaction device.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to apparatus and methods foreffecting digital transactions, including both financial andnon-financial transactions. The apparatus and method may be particularlyuseful for transactions involving credit and/or debit cards.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Credit cards, debit cards store cards and gift cards are examples ofcards that are used for financial transactions throughout the world.Further, other types of cards such as passes, tags and small booklets(which may be referred to collectively as transaction documents) areused for various financial and non-financial transactions. For example,some jurisdictions require proof of age cards for transactions such aspurchasing alcohol or entering into age restricted venues. Otherexamples of proof of age, or proof of identity, documents include driverlicenses which are sometimes used for authentication in respect oftransactions. In some countries, passports and/or other similaridentification documents are issued in the form of a card, or a smallbooklet, and can be used for transactions where identification isrequired including, travel across borders or establishing a bankaccount.

Many transaction documents have a magnetic stripe, which can be encodedwith information such as a unique identification number, expiry dates orother numerical or alphanumerical information. Other types oftransaction documents include contactless stored value smart cards, forexample, closed loop transport cards, such as Myki in Melbourne,Australia, and the Octopus Card in Hong Kong.

Transaction documents may include a chip, smart chip, or smart card chip(in this specification, such chips or devices and other similar types ofmicrocircuit will be referred to generally as Digital TransactionProcessing Units, or DTPUs). DTPUs typically include one or more of aCentral Processing Unit (CPU), Read Only Memory (ROM), Random AccessMemory (RAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory(EEPROM), a crypto-coprocessor and an Input/Output (l/O) system. Forexample, credit cards often use an EMV device (where EMV is anabbreviation for Europay, MasterCard, and Visa). The EMV device (orother type of DTPU) contains encrypted data relevant to the type oftransaction(s) for which the document will be used. The EMV device maybe read by a scanner (for example, using contactless, close proximitycommunications according to ISO/IEC 14443 which is referred to as NearField Communication (NFC throughout the specification)), by directcontact with chip connected electrodes, or by other means to obtain datafrom the chip. Such transaction documents enabled for use in digitaltransactions by means of a chip, a magnetic stripe, a chip and magneticstripe, or Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) are referred tothroughout this specification as digital transaction documents.

Digital transaction documents are configured to work with variouscomponents in a digital transaction system including terminals. Forexample, credit and debit cards work with EFTPOS (Electronic FundsTransfer at Point Of Sale) terminals for Point Of Sale (POS)transactions, and ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) terminals. Otherdigital transaction documents are configured to work with other types ofterminals. Such terminals may be operably connected to financialinstitutions or other third party organizations to enable digitaltransactions to occur by authorizing the transaction or performingassociated processing to enable the transaction.

In another example, identification cards, such as a proof of age cards,are implemented with a chip (or DTPU) containing some, or all, of theinformation of the card owner, along with verification information toconfirm the authenticity of the card. Identification cards may be usedin a digital transaction, whereby it is inserted into, swiped, or waivednear, a terminal to confirm the age of the person holding the card.Other non-financial transactions can be implemented in a similar manner.

Terminals used for transactions with digital transaction documents arereferred to throughout this specification as digital transaction systemdevices. For “Card-Present” transactions, the digital transaction systemdevices may include, for example, POS/EFTPOS terminals, ATMs, andnetwork connected or stand-alone readers for reading other types ofnon-financial transaction documents. The digital transaction devices mayalso be suitable for “Card-Not-Present” transactions, for example,online transactions, Mail Order/Telephone Order (MOTO) transactions, andmay include internet connected personal computers, smartphones, andtablets. Further, digital transaction system devices include telephonesused to communicate with an operator who uses, for example, a networkconnected terminal to enter transaction document data.

Digital transaction documents have a unique IDentification (unique ID),typically having a number, an alphanumeric ID, or a unique name. Theunique ID may be located on, or in, the digital transaction document,for example, printed or embossed on the document. The unique ID is alsotypically recorded on a database, controlled, for example, by the issuerof the digital transaction document, and accompanied by otherinformation, such as name, address, age, and/or financial informationrelevant to the user/owner of the digital transaction document. Where adigital transaction document has a chip, an EMV device or other type ofDTPU, the unique ID is typically stored on the chip, EMV device or DTPU,respectively.

Credit cards are typically embossed or printed with a Personal/PrimaryAccount Number (PAN) to uniquely identify the account card holder. Astandardized PAN has four fields, namely, a system number, abank/product number, a user account number, and a check digit. This typeof PAN typically has 16 digits, but may have between 13 and 19 digits(for example, an American Express PAN has 17 digits). The first digit isthe card issuer type (for example, Visa, MasterCard or AmericanExpress), and the next 5 to 7 digits is generally referred to as a BankIdentification Number (BIN) and represents the card network, the bankand the product for this bank. The last digit is reserved for a checksumof the previous digits of the PAN. An expiration date is associated withthe PAN and generally includes a month and year code having four digits,but with limited range. The card holder’s PAN, name or business, and thecard’s expiry date typically appear embossed or printed on the face of acard. Previously, some types of credit card had a magnetic stripeencoding some or all of the card information.

More recently, financial transaction cards have carried a CardVerification Value (CVV) or Card Verification Code (CVC) on the magneticstripe to make it more difficult to replicate a card for fraudulentpurposes. The CVC is usually a unique cryptogram, created based on thecard data, for example, including the card PAN and expiry date, and abank’s (or a personalization bureau’s) master key, and printed on thecard after personalization data is entered on the card. As aconsequence, a person seeking to use a card for fraudulent purposesrequires possession of the card for a sufficient period of time to makea copy of the magnetic stripe in order to duplicate the card, or to readthe card and manually record the card number, expiry date, and otherdetails printed on the card.

The same principle was subsequently adopted for a second CVC, sometimescalled Card Verification Value 2 (CVV2), which is commonly printed inthe signature panel on the back of the card. The CVV2 is used primarilyto help secure e-Commerce and MOTO transactions. This is a second uniquecryptogram created from card data and the bank’s master key (althoughthis is a different cryptogram as compared with the magnetic stripeCVC). The CVV2 is not present on the magnetic stripe.

Some credit cards also have an associated Personal Identification Number(PIN) code, which is primarily used for “Card-Present” transactions. ThePIN must generally be kept confidential, and must be entered on secureand certified terminals to make sure that no-one can gain access to thePIN. Further, in modern credit cards, the PIN can be stored on the chip(for example, an EMV device) in an encrypted form within a cryptogramblock.

There are two main classifications of transactions for which creditcards are used including: “Card-Not-Present” transactions, when usingthe Internet or MOTO; and “Card-Present” transactions, such as used withPOS/EFTPOS and ATM terminals. Card-Present transactions involve EMVdevice readers (including physical contact readers using electrode pinson a card and contactless reading using, for example, Near FieldCommunications (NFC)) and/or magnetic stripe readers. These transactionsgenerally use the full 13 to 19 digit PAN and the 4-digit expirationdate. Card-Not-Present transactions generally require the user to readout to an operator, or enter into a computer, the PAN and expirationdate digits. In some instances, the CVC/CVV2 number is also required.

Other types of digital transaction documents may use various forms ofsecurity, such as PINs, passwords, and the like. However, some othertypes of digital transaction documents do not use such externalsecurity, and rely only upon the authenticity of the document itself,for example, using holograms and other security devices that aredifficult to copy. Further, some types of non-credit card digitaltransaction documents may use chips for security, including chipssimilar to EMV devices.

Cards (or other digital transaction documents) may have data stolen, forexample, using a Radio Frequency (RF) signal to power the card’s EMVinternal microprocessor and related transmitter. Generally, the carddata, such as the PAN, expiration date and cardholder’s name aretransferred to a wireless terminal. The terminal can be a portable orstationary wireless terminal, and once near a card, uses the RF signalto energize the card to firstly, extract the card data and copy some toa memory storage device, or to online storage, such as, the cloud, andsecondly, use a portable terminal in close proximity to the card toextract monies as a contactless payment (for example, a PayWave and/ortap payment, such transactions being referred to by traders astap-and-pay or tap-and-go), in accordance with a level of transactionthat does not require any authorization. Subsequently, stolen card datacan be uploaded to a duplicate “fake card” or used in onlinetransactions to make fraudulent purchases. Yet another method used tosteal card data for fraudulent use involves hacking into computerdatabases that store card data. This data is then used for transactions,and a card owner may only become aware of this when they see a statementdetailing the transactions made with their card, or card data.

Other ways card data is stolen include phishing scams where the cardholder is tricked into entering a security code along with other carddetails via a fraudulent website. Phishing therefore reduces theeffectiveness of security codes as an anti-fraud means. However,merchants who do not use security codes are typically subjected tohigher card processing costs for transactions, and fraudulenttransactions without security codes are more likely to be resolved infavour of the cardholder, which increases costs for merchants. Yet otherways that security of transactions may be compromised is by skimming andman-in-the-middle attacks.

With the emergence of e-Commerce, an increasing number of transactionsare Card-Not-Present type transactions. However, this type oftransaction is subject to an increasing number of attacks fromfraudsters including attacks that have resulted in increasedverification that has caused a “failure positive” result where the cardholder is legitimate but the transaction is rejected.

Several solutions have been developed to address this growing fraud,including use of virtual account numbers, authentication of cardholdersseparately from the transaction, and use of a hardware token toauthenticate the user. Another proposed solution comprises aninstitution, such as a bank sending a code to the user, typically by SMSto the user’s smartphone, which can then be used to authenticate aCard-Not-Present transaction. This arrangement is generally referred toas an Out-Of-Band (OOB) message which unfortunately has been recentlyhacked. In any event, many of these solutions require expensiveinfrastructure changes, which merchants prefer to avoid and may onlyprovide protection for a limited time until the arrangement is hacked.

With the increasing number of Card-Not-Present transactions, a suggestedmeans of conducting such transactions is the electronic wallet(e-wallet), also known as a digital wallet. An e-wallet provides userswith a means to pay for purchases from enabled on-line merchants. Uponregistration, a user can store their card, billing and shippinginformation on a site hosted by a suitable document, such as a bank, andcan access that information to pay for goods or services. However,e-wallets on an NFC enabled device, such as a smartphone, do not operatein a large percentage of Card-Present transactions, for example,POS/EFTPOS or ATM transactions since these network transaction devicesgenerally do not support contactless payments and amongst the presentlyavailable contactless payment arrangements, different back end processesand merchant agreements are involved. As a result, the establishment anduse of e-wallets has experienced limited commercial success and whilstthey remain available to consumers, only approximately 10% of consumershave elected to install an e-wallet although the take-up rate byconsumers is now starting to drop.

A user may prefer to have, and to carry around with them, many of theiravailable credit cards, debit cards, store cards, government agencycards and loyalty cards since they prefer to physically hold and controlthe possession of those cards. Further, a user may require an identitycard, driver’s license, age verification card or passport. Carryingaround a large number of individual digital transaction documents can bevery inconvenient. Moreover, the person, having so many physicaltransaction documents, may become confused regarding the location of aparticular digital transaction document, for example, a particularcredit card, among all the other digital transaction documents.

An alternative solution to e-wallets that addresses the problem of userscarrying a large number of credit or debit cards has been developed,wherein a credit card sized device has a keyboard (or touch pad arrangedas a simplified keyboard) and a small limited function Graphical UserInterface (GUI), which are used to select one card amongst a number ofcards stored on the device, and to enter data for various transactions.However, the keyboards are of limited functionality due to their limitednumber of keys in the relatively small space available on the card(being the area of an average credit card). The keyboards are alsoconsidered difficult to use because of their small size, and as a resulta large number of keystrokes may be required to effect any particularfunction. Further, the keyboard on a credit card is not a solution forother types of digital transaction document such as those documents usedfor proof of identity or proof of age. Other attempted solutions includeproducts, such as Plastc, Coin, Final, and Wocket. However, the Plastcsolution has some operational limitations, and the Wocket solutionrequires a specific Wocket device. None of these solutions has gainedwide commercial acceptance. Moreover, it has been found that cardsincluding a keyboard have an unacceptably high failure rate when givento customers in view of the repeated, perhaps daily, usage. It issuggested that the high failure rate may be, at least in part, due tothe complications of having the keyboard on a card, which has limitedspace for such a complex electronic device.

Another problem with attempting to accommodate multiple credit cards,debit cards or other digital transaction documents on a single card arethe limitations caused by the use of proprietary or standardized chips.Such chips or DTPUs are configured to securely store information for onedigital transaction document only. For example, a credit card chip, suchas an EMVCo standard chip, securely holds information typicallyincluding the credit card PAN, the expiry date, a security code (such asthe CCV2 number), and a PIN. Transaction devices, such as POS/EFTPOSterminals, securely communicate with the DTPU to obtain some, or all, ofthe information from the DTPU for a transaction to be authorized andverified. Many DTPUs are also configured to resist attempts to write tothe DTPUs secure record memory (which may also be referred to as asecure element, or part of a secure element), as many such attempts aremade by those seeking to use the card fraudulently. It will beunderstood that a secure element may comprise secure memory and anexecution environment, and is a dynamic environment in which applicationcode and application data can be securely stored and administered.Further, it will be understood that, in a secure element, secureexecution of the application can occur. A secure element may be locatedin a highly secure crypto chip (otherwise known as a smart card chip).The security of the DTPU may also prevent legitimately introducing oneor more new digital transaction documents (including PANs, tokens expirydates, PINs and other data attributes of those documents) into thesecure record memory (secure element) of the DTPU so that the DTPUcannot take on another document’s personality (a term which is usedherein to describe a digital transaction document (or logical digitaltransaction document) and its attributes).

Accordingly, it has been difficult to instigate use of single physicalcards having multiple personalities (multiple credit and/or debit cardsexpressed or expressible on a single physical card), given the change ininfrastructure required, including modified DTPUs (such as the EMVCodevice), modified digital transaction devices (for example, modifiedPOS/EFTPOS terminals), along with any other modification required inother parts of the credit/debit card payment infrastructure. Apart fromthe technical problems, Card Association Scheme providers such as Visaand MasterCard have various additional requirements including thepresence of a hologram and logo of the Card Association Scheme on thephysical card.

In this regard, it is desirable to provide a single EMV (or EMV typedevice), or other type of DTPU, on a Digital Transaction Card (DTC), forexample, a credit card sized card, which is able to selectively assumethe personality of a number of different digital transaction documents(or logical digital transaction documents). For example, a user may seekto use MasterCard account for one transaction, but to a use Visa accountfor a different transaction. Alternatively, a user may seek to use theDTC as a credit card, but to subsequently use it as an age identitycard.

However, to-date, there has not been a sufficiently effective,efficient, and/or secure means and/or method for adapting a DTPU (suchas an EMVCo specified device) to embody different personalities ascompared with the personality of the DTPU that was initially installed.

Another problem with present digital transaction documents is theability to obtain data from a credit card or other transaction document.Although devices such as EMV devices have been introduced in an attemptto limit data theft, such arrangements have not proved to be entirelysuccessful in preventing this type of crime. Increasing credit cardfraud may incur cost for a bank, a merchant, a user, or all threeparties. Further, identity theft is an increasing concern for userssince a stolen identity can be used to commit fraudulent financialtransactions, and other types of crime.

For some digital transaction documents, such as credit cards, tokens aresometimes used to enhance security for transactions. For credit cards,tokens are typically numbers that are the same length as the creditcard’s PAN, and are substituted for the PAN in a transaction. The tokenshould not be feasibly decryptable to obtain the original PAN by aperson seeking to use the credit card fraudulently, and so that personis unable to mimic the credit card, and unable to use the credit cardsPAN and a card holder’s other personal details for on-line transactions.Accordingly, if using a credit card in a high risk, low securityenvironment, tokens are a means of protecting sensitive data. Thesecurity of the token is based primarily on the infeasibility ofdetermining the original PAN (or other data) whilst knowing only thesurrogate token value. Tokenization may be used instead of, or inconjunction with, other encryption techniques in transactions withdigital transaction documents.

A token (or digital token) may be generated by a third party, such as acredit card issuer, a financial institution, or a security provider forthe credit card. Tokens are also used for securing other non-financialtransactions, such as those involving drivers’ licenses. The token maybe generated as a cryptogram using inputs from a selection of, forexample, the credit card’s PAN (or some other unique ID of a digitaltransaction document), and/or the card’s expiry date. The token for atransaction may be selected from a number of tokens in a pool based onthe ID of the merchant or the terminal where the transaction isoccurring, the date of the transaction, the time of the transaction, orvarious other criteria. De-tokenization to retrieve the original PANtypically occurs during the processing of a transaction, and is usuallyperformed by the credit card issuer, financial institution, or securityprovider who issued the token.

Usually, tokens are generated during the process of creating and issuinga credit card to its owner/user. Each card may have one or moreassociated tokens. Where a card has multiple tokens, each token can beselectively used for different transactions or different transactiontypes.

Tokens have a number of problems, including not being selectable by theuser to allow the user control over security and how tokens are used.For example, a user may seek to be able to select tokens for certaintransactions or transaction types. Another problem is that the sametoken may need to be used for a number of different transactions, thuslimiting the security afforded by the token. This is especially the casefor a digital transaction document such as a credit card. Even if adigital transaction document has a number of associated tokens, thosetokens will need to be reused or reissued after a number oftransactions. It is difficult to issue new tokens, for example, to acredit card, since the infrastructure for issuing new tokens has beendeveloped to issue those new tokens at a time of creation and issuanceof a new credit card.

One way to prevent fraudulent use of a stolen or compromised credit cardor other types of transaction document is to simply cancel the document,including cancelation of that document’s unique identifier (for example,cancelling the account number of a credit card), and issue a newdocument with a new expiration date. Providers of the document may havea mechanism to invalidate old documents (for example, invalidating oldaccount numbers), and to issue new numbers to existing users. However,it can sometimes take a substantial amount of time to deliver a newdocument (for example, delivering a credit card through the mail), andthe delay greatly inconveniences the user. In the instance of a creditcard, the issuance of a new card causes a temporary cessation of theuser’s ability to maintain payments by auto debit from credit accounts.

Further, document owners generally prefer instant or near instant (“realtime”) feedback of information regarding use of their card for financialtransactions or other types of transaction, such as use of a card orother such documents for identification, traveling and other purposes.Card owners may also prefer real time feedback regarding accountbalances and other information related to their card, or other digitaltransaction documents. Further, owners of cards and other digitaltransaction documents may prefer the ability to block usage of adocument in real time, or with minimal delay. This may be useful if theowner becomes aware of, or suspects, fraudulent transaction(s) with theuse of one or more of their digital transaction document(s).

It is an object of the present invention to overcome, or at leastameliorate, at least one of the above-mentioned problems in the priorart, and/or provide at least a useful alternative to prior art devices,systems and/or methods.

Presently, Digital Transaction Cards (DTCs) such as credit/debit cardshave been capable of communications with financial institutions (e.g.banks) via a predefined keypad typically located at a financialinstitution-approved ATM or card reader or reader/writer. Theinfrastructure currently in operation restricts any interaction betweena financial institution-approved reader-writer and an EMV device outsideof the approved external keypad.

Existing digital transaction terminals are not able to be operated usinga device such as a smartphone. For example, Electronic Funds Transfer atPoint Of Sale (EFTPOS) or Point of Sale (POS) terminals are only able tooperate with suitably configured Digital Transaction Cards (DTCs) suchas credit or debit cards. Such credit or debit cards will each have asingle “personality”, or express only a single document. For example, agiven DTC can only have the personality of a MasterCard or a Visa card,but cannot selectively and serially take on the personality of both aMasterCard and a Visa card, at different times.

In addition, devices such as smartphones cannot communicate with knownDTCs. For example, a smartphone cannot use existing communicationprotocols to communicate with a credit or debit card. Accordingly, ithas not been possible to reprogram, rewrite or reconfigure a DTC toprovide it with a different personality.

Furthermore, known DTCs such as credit or debit cards cannot be updatedto express a desired personality (for example, changing a physical cardfrom expressing a MasterCard to expressing a Visa card). Consequently,the DTC cannot be used with a POS/EFTPOS terminal using the desiredpersonality for the transaction.

Digital Transaction Processing Units (DTPUs) embedded into a standardcredit or debit card typically include contact electrodes presented onthe surface of the card configured to make contact with correspondingcontact electrodes in, for example, a POS/EFTPOS terminal. This physicalcontact allows the DTPU to communicate with the POS/EFTPOS terminal, andto connect with a payment infrastructure to complete a digitaltransaction. The DTPU is typically an EMV chip or a chip complying withone or more of EMV Co specifications.

Such current DTPUs or EMV chips may include an Integrated Circuit (IC),being part of the EMV chip typically formed from substances such assilicon. The EMV chip may further include Read Only Memory (ROM), RandomAccess Memory (RAM), and/or Electrically Erasable Programmable Read OnlyMemory (EEPROM). The DTPU may contain other kinds of memory. Further,the DTPU may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU) for controllingoperations of the DTPU. The CPU may work in cooperation with acrypto-coprocessor, which handles the tasks of encrypting and decryptingdata, thus freeing the CPU to perform other processing tasks.Communications between the DTPU and the electrodes are made via a systemInput/Output (system I/O).

The IC of the EMV chip has an active side usually in some form ofencapsulation, and is adhered to a substrate using adhesive. The contactelectrodes, typically made of metal, are exposed for contact withexternal terminal devices and are connected to the IC with bond wires.The substrate is placed in a pit, which is made in the card body. Thesubstrate, carrying the IC, the metal contact electrodes, theencapsulation, and the bond wires is fixed into the pit of the card bodyusing hot melt, applied at the edges of the substrate.

Some known DTCs include a numeric keypad which is used for controllingoperations of the EMV chip embedded in the card. Such cards may alsoinclude a numeric display and one or more buttons or keys to switch thecard on and off. The card may use a specially built EMV chip whichallows the keypad and any other elements of the card to operate the EMVchip for limited control of the chip and for operating the display.However, this type of card is difficult to operate, as the functionalityafforded by the keypad is very limited. Additionally, the display canonly show a very limited amount of data. Such cards have proved to becumbersome and difficult to operate, resulting in a very low acceptancewith customers.

Accordingly, devices such as smartphones and credit and debit cards havenot been able to interoperate. Such cards may be designed to interactphysically with an EMV access terminal in a POS/EFTPOS terminal, andsuch POS/EFTPOS terminals may include a terminal module for processingtransactions and communicating via an EMV interface with a paymentprocessing infrastructure including with institutions such as an EMVissuer back office.

Devices such as smartphones may also communicate wirelessly with awireless access node in the POS/EFTPOS terminal. However, wirelesscommunication between smartphones and the POS/EFTPOS terminals has hadvery low penetration into merchants, as replacing existinginfrastructure to allow for this type of operation is expensive.Furthermore, direct communication between a smartphone and a POS/EFTPOSterminal may introduce a number of security issues for suchtransactions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides digital transactionapparatus including a Data Assistance Device (DAD) including a userinterface that is operable to at least select data and a DADtransmitter, and a Digital Transaction Card (DTC), including a DigitalTransaction Processing Unit (DTPU) and a DTC receiver, wherein the DADand DTC are operable to transfer data from the DAD to the DTC and whensubsequently using the DTC to effect a digital transaction, the DTCoperates in accordance with data selected and transferred from the DADto the DTC, wherein the DTPU is configured to enable data communicationwith a digital transaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPUoperable to receive and execute commands that emulate commands receivedfrom the digital transaction device.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a Data AssistanceDevice (DAD) including a user interface that is operable to at leastselect data and a DAD transmitter that is operable to transfer data fromthe DAD to a receiver associated with a Digital Transaction Card (DTC)having a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU), wherein the datathat is selected and transferred to the DTC causes the DTC to operate inaccordance with the selected data when the DTC is subsequently used toeffect a digital transaction, and wherein the DTPU is configured toenable data communication with a digital transaction device during adigital transaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute commandsthat emulate commands received from the digital transaction device.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a Digital TransactionCard (DTC) including a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU) and aDTC receiver that is operable to receive user-selected data from atransmitter associated with a Data Assistance Device (DAD), wherein theuser-selected data that is received causes the DTC to operate inaccordance with the user-selected data when the DTC is subsequently usedto effect a digital transaction, and wherein the DTPU is configured toenable data communication with a digital transaction device during adigital transaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute commandsthat emulate commands received from the digital transaction device.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a digital transactionmethod including selecting data, by a user interface of a DataAssistance Device (DAD), transferring the selected data by a DADtransmitter associated with the DAD to a receiver associated with aDigital Transaction Card (DTC) having a Digital Transaction ProcessingUnit (DTPU), and effecting, by the DTC, a digital transaction whereinthe DTC operates in accordance with the data selected and transferredfrom the DAD to the DTC, wherein the DTPU is configured to enable datacommunication with a digital transaction device during a digitaltransaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute commands thatemulate commands received from the digital transaction device.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method ofoperating a Data Assistance Device (DAD), including selecting data, by auser interface of the DAD, and transferring the selected data, by a DADtransmitter associated with the DAD to a receiver associated with aDigital Transaction Card (DTC) having a Digital Processing Unit (DTPU),wherein the DTPU is configured to enable data communication with adigital transaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPUoperable to receive and execute commands that emulate commands receivedfrom the digital transaction device, and wherein the DTC operates inaccordance with the selected and transferred data when the DTC issubsequently used to effect a digital transaction.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method ofoperating a Digital Transaction Card (DTC) having a Digital TransactionProcessing Unit (DTPU), including receiving, from a Data AssistanceDevice (DAD), data including user-selected data, effecting, by the DTC,a digital transaction, wherein the DTC operates in accordance with theuser-selected data, wherein the DTPU is configured to enable datacommunication with a digital transaction device during a digitaltransaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute commands thatemulate commands received from the digital transaction device.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readablemedium storing one or more instructions that, when executed by one ormore processors associated with a Data Assistance Device (DAD), causethe one or more processors to select data, by a user interface of theDAD, and transfer the selected data, by a DAD transmitter to a receiverassociated with a Digital Transaction Card (DTC) having a DigitalTransaction Processing Unit (DTPU), wherein the DTPU is configured toenable data communication with a digital transaction device during adigital transaction, and the DTPU is operable to receive and executecommands that emulate commands received from the digital transactiondevice, the DTC operating in accordance with the selected andtransferred data when the DTC is subsequently used to effect a digitaltransaction.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readablemedium storing one or more instructions that, when executed by one ormore processors associated with a Digital Transaction Card (DTC), causethe one or more processors to receive user selected data, from a DataAssistance Device (DAD), and subsequently effect a digital transactionwherein the DTC operates in accordance with the user-selected data,wherein the DTC includes a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU)configured to enable data communication with a digital transactiondevice during a digital transaction, the DTPU operable to receive andexecute commands that emulate commands received from the digitaltransaction device.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingreceiving, from an issuing authority, a DTC configured to operate inaccordance with any one or more of the statements above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingissuing, by an issuing authority, a DTC configured to operate inaccordance with any one or more of the statements above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingreceiving, from an issuing authority, a DTC configured to operate inaccordance with the method of any one or more of the statements above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingissuing, by an issuing authority, a DTC configured to operate inaccordance with the method of any one or more of the statements above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingissuing, by an issuing authority, operating code, including softwareand/or firmware, to a Data Assistance Device (DAD) and/or a DigitalTransaction Card (DTC) to enable the DAD and/or DTC to operate inaccordance with any one or more of the statements above.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method includingissuing, by an issuing authority, operating code, including softwareand/or firmware, to a Data Assistance Device (DAD) and/or a DigitalTransaction Card (DTC) to enable the DAD and/or DTC to operate inaccordance with the method of any one or more of the statements above.

SUMMARY OF EMBODIMENT(S) OF THE INVENTION

In embodiments, the emulation may be of one or more functions that wouldotherwise be enacted with the DTC, or other types of transaction cardssuch as credit and/or debit cards, in operation with a digitaltransaction device such as an Point Of Sale/Electronic Funds Transfer atPoint Of Sale (POS/EFTPOS) terminal when the digital transaction deviceis connected to a third party entity or organization, such as afinancial institution or credit card provider. In this regard, it may beexpressed that, in some embodiments, the apparatus and method emulatethe actions of a financial institution with the DTC, or emulate actionsof a digital transaction device during a digital transaction with such adevice. In other embodiments, the emulation may occur outside of adigital transaction with a digital transaction device, so that the DADand the DTC are operable for emulation.

It will be appreciated that the DTPU in many credit and debit cards (forexample, an EMV chip, or a chip complying with one or more of the EMVCospecifications), is connected to electrodes which present on the surfaceof the credit or debit cards. These electrodes contact correspondingelectrodes in a digital transaction device, such as an POS/EFTPOSterminal, or an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM). When respectiveelectrodes are in contact, data communication is enabled between thecard and the third party entity or organization controlling the digitaltransaction device. The third party entity or organization may performor control one or more functions during a transaction, such as reading acredit card number (Personal/Primary Account Number (PAN)), expiry dateand other information, which is located in the DTPU of the card, orsending the read data from the transaction device back to the thirdparty (and/or some other third party) for processing. The processing maylead to an authorization being given for the transaction, and this iscommunicated back to the transaction device, so that the transaction canproceed. In the present invention, emulation is for mimicking one ormore of the functions that are typically performed with, for example, acredit card or debit card. However, the functions provided by theemulation may extend beyond those provided on many digital transactiondevices.

In some embodiments, the emulation includes functions that are notnormally provided by many or any digital transaction devices. Thesefunctions may include providing a DTC with a new personality, such thatthe DTC can be used as, for example, a credit card, then, after changein personality, can be used as an identification card. Other possibleemulation functions include, for example, setting spend limits on a DTC,enacting authorization requirements for a DTC, changing a PersonalIdentification Number (PIN) (for example changing digits 0000 to 1111,or changing the number of digits 0000 to 101010), changing a public key(which is used to create a cryptogram (transaction wrapper) when usedin, for example, a POS/EFTPOS terminal), and assigning differentpersonalities for different locations or times. The types of functionsthat can be used during an emulation process are not limited to thosementioned in the present specification, and the present invention isintended to include within its scope all such functions.

In some embodiments, the DTC processor (which may itself be a CentralProcessing Unit (CPU)), is connected to the DTPU or may be directlyconnected with the CPU of the DTPU via electrodes. The DTPU may be anEMV chip or a chip complying with one or more EMVCo specifications. SuchEMV/EMVCo chips may be connected to the external (surface) electrodes ofthe DTC via wires which connect into a bottom part of the chip, thewires extending to the surface electrodes on a top surface of the DTC.Similarly, the DTC CPU may be connected via wires to a bottom part ofthe chip. It will be understood that chips have a number of input/outputchannels, and that the DTC CPU and the DTPU CPU may have correspondinginput/output channels. In some embodiments, the surface electrodes ofthe DTC are connected to a selection of input/output channels of theDTPU CPU, and the corresponding input/output channels of the DTC CPU arealso connected to the same selection of input/output channels of theDTPU CPU, thus allowing the emulation to be operated from the DAD viathe DTC CPU. In other embodiments, a different selection of input/outputchannels may be used for connection between the DTC CPU and the DTPU CPUfrom the channels that are connected between the DTPU CPU and thesurface electrodes of the DTC.

In some embodiments, the apparatus is operable to copy a selected oneLDTDP from LDTDP storage memory to the DTPU thereby enabling the DTC tobe operable as the digital transaction document associated with theselected one LDTDP. The selection may be performed using the interfaceof the DAD during an emulation, and in cooperation with the at least oneprogram operating on the DTC and operated from the interface of the DAD.

It will be understood by skilled readers that in embodiments of theinvention, a digital transaction apparatus including, and requiringboth, a Data Assistance Device (DAD) and a Digital Transaction Card(DTC) for a digital transaction provides a multi-factor factorverification (including authorization, authentication, and bothauthorization and authentication) for the digital transaction, thefactors being that the user (for example, someone seeking to pay forgoods and/or services using a financial digital transaction) requirestwo items, namely, the DAD and the DTC and also knowledge regarding howto effect a transaction with the two items. Accordingly, if a person hasboth a DAD and a DTC when seeking to conduct a digital transaction, thelikelihood that the person has obtained both items by fraud, theft, ordeception is significantly reduced. For example, if the DAD is asmartphone, then it is unlikely that a person seeking to conduct afraudulent transaction would be able to steal a legitimate DTC and theowner’s smartphone when compared with solely the theft of a legitimatecredit card as presently used to conduct digital transactions. Further,if a person seeking to conduct a fraudulent transaction managed to steala legitimate DTC, it would be very difficult for that person to emulate,or spoof, the DTC owner’s smartphone, including any necessary additionalhardware and software to operate with the DTC to conduct a digitaltransaction.

In embodiments, the DAD and DTC are operable to transfer datatherebetween which may further assist to reduce the incidence offraudulent digital transactions. For example, the DAD could be used totransmit a One Time PIN (OTP) to the DTC prior to each and everytransaction, the OTP being requested by a digital transaction systemdevice during a digital transaction and requiring entry of the PIN bythe user to complete the transaction. In any event, it is expected thattransferring data between the DAD and DTC will assist users to manageand monitor their digital transactions.

In embodiments, the present invention provides a method of conductingdigital transactions using a digital transaction apparatus including aplurality of Logical Digital Transaction Document Packets (LDTDPs), eachLDTDP representing a digital transaction document and including one ormore of a unique Identification (unique ID) or a token associated withthe unique ID for performing a digital transaction with at least onedigital transaction device, the digital transaction apparatus furtherincluding, an LDTDP storage memory, a staging memory, a DAD, and a DTC,including a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU) and a securerecord memory, the method including, operating the DAD to select one ofthe at least one LDTDPs stored in the LDTDP storage memory, copying theselected one LDTDP from LDTDP storage memory to staging memory, andcopying the selected one LDTDP from staging memory to the secure recordmemory thus enabling the DTC to be operable as the digital transactiondocument associated with the selected one LDTDP. In other embodiments, amethod of conducting digital transactions using a digital transactionapparatus that recognises a plurality of LDTDPs is provided, each LDTDPrepresenting a digital transaction document and including one or more ofa unique ID or a token associated with the unique ID for performing adigital transaction with at least one digital transaction device, thedigital transaction apparatus further including, an LDTDP storagememory, a staging memory, a DAD, and a DTC, the DTC including a DTPUhaving a secure record memory, the method including, operating the DADto select one of the at least one LDTDPs stored in the LDTDP storagememory, copying a selected one LDTDP from LDTDP storage memory tostaging memory, copying the selected one LDTDP from staging memory tothe secure record memory thus enabling the DTC to be operable as thedigital transaction document associated with the selected one LDTDP. Inthese embodiments, the known operation of the existing DTPU, such as anEMV device, is exploited to place data pertaining to a particularpersonality in the memory location that will be accessed by the EMVdevice to establish the personality of the DTC.

In various embodiments, the digital transaction document may be a creditcard, debit card, bank account, store card, passport, identity card, ageverification card, loyalty card, government agency card, driver’slicense, and/or various other kinds and types of digital transactiondocument, which would be typically implemented as cards, documents orbooklets, or implemented electronically. It will be understood that inthis specification the term “logical” refers to a set of characteristicsfor each of the digital transaction documents, and those characteristicsmay be in part, or all, contained in an LDTDP representing the documentor logical document. The characteristics may include data such as aunique ID for the digital transaction document, ownership informationand expiry dates. The unique ID information may be a unique ID number. Achange in the DTC parameters adopted by the DTPU from expressing onedigital transaction document to expressing another digital transactiondocument may also be referred to as a change in the DTC “personality”.In addition to changing parameters in a DTC such that it adopts apersonality for the purpose of future transactions, in one particularembodiment, the DAD is operable to receive data pertaining to newpersonalities by accessing a website and is further operable to transmitrelevant commands to the DTC to adopt the personality of the newlyacquired personality obtained by the DAD.

In embodiments, an LDTDP may include the unique ID and a tokenassociated with the unique ID, the unique ID and token both associatedwith the digital transaction document represented by the LDTDP. In otherembodiments, the LDTDP may include only the unique ID associated withthe digital transaction document. In yet other embodiments, the LDTDPmay include only the token associated with a particular unique ID, theunique ID (and, therefore, the token) associated with the digitaltransaction document.

In some embodiments, each of a number of digital transaction documentsmay be associated with a single unique ID and a single token associatedwith the unique ID, each of some other digital transaction documents maybe associated with a single unique ID and a number of different tokensassociated with the unique ID, and each of yet other digital transactiondocuments may not be associated with any token (in which case such adigital transaction document will be associated only with a unique ID).In these embodiments, the unique ID and/or token for a digitaltransaction document (or logical digital transaction document) will becontained in an LDTDP. Where a document has a number of associatedtokens, each token or token/unique ID pair, may be in a separate LDTDP.In embodiments, the unique ID for the digital transaction documentcontained in the LDTDP may be a Personal/Primary Account Number (PAN) ifthe document is a credit/debit type card, or similar kinds of uniqueIDs, such as unique alphanumeric ID’s or unique names.

In some embodiments, the at least one of the plurality of LDTDPs isstored on the DAD, wherein the LDTDP storage memory is located on theDAD. In other embodiments, the at least one of the plurality of LDTDPsis stored in LDTDP storage memory located on the DTC, wherein selectionof a LDTDP through the DAD is effected by an icon, name or otherindicator associated with the LDTDP, although the LDTDP is not itselfstored on the DAD. In this example, the selection of the LDTDP iscommunicated to the DTC by data indicating which LDTDP has beenselected, and the DTC implements the selected LDTDP from its LDTDPstorage memory based on the indicative data.

In yet other embodiments, a part of each of the at least one of theplurality of LDTDPs is stored on the DAD. Another part of eachcorresponding at least one LDTDP is stored on the DTC, wherein theselection is based on the part stored on the DAD. The part of the LDTDPselected is transmitted to the DTC, and the determination of which partof the LDTDP matches the selected part is made on the DTC. In this way,the two parts of the LDTDP can be combined to form the whole LDTDP,which can then be implemented by the DTC. In such an embodiment, theLDTDP storage memory is split between the DAD and the DTC.

In an embodiment, the DAD is enabled to store and provide for selectionof an LDTDP, which is implemented as a digital transaction document onthe DTC. The selection of the document associated with an LDTDP (orselection of the LDTDP) may occur before selection of a token associatedwith the LDTDP. Where a document has only one associated token, theselection of the document may be selection of the associated token,since a further selection process is not required. In some embodiments,selection of a token automatically indicates which LDTDP is to beselected, since the token is associated only with one document (or oneLDTDP).

In another embodiment, the user may select an LDTDP and a predeterminedtoken is selected based on context determined by the DAD. For example,if the DAD determines different locations, then a token can beautomatically selected based on the determined location.

In various embodiments, some digital transaction documents contained inan LDTDP will have only one associated token and other digitaltransaction documents will have multiple associated tokens. It will beunderstood that embodiments described in this specification include bothoptions, unless otherwise stated or unless the inclusion of both optionsresults in an embodiment that is not possible to implement.

In various embodiments, some identifying information in respect of adigital transaction document contained in an LDTDP will not need to bestored in the apparatus LDTDP storage memory (either in the devicememory or the card memory) since the token(s) stored in the apparatuswill be sufficient to identify its (their) associated digitaltransaction document(s). For example, where the digital transactiondocument is a credit card, the card number (the PAN) is not contained inthe LDTDP and instead, the tokens associated with the credit card aresufficient to identify the particular credit card. In such an example,the credit card PAN may include the typical 4 leading digits whichidentifies the card as being of a certain type or brand (MasterCard,Visa, etc.). A token for the particular credit card may have the samefour leading digits, but with different remaining digits, so that thetoken identifies the card with which it is associated. It will beunderstood by skilled readers that not having a PAN, for example,contained in the respective LDTDP and stored in the apparatus LDTDPstorage memory (either in the DAD memory or the DTC memory) shouldincrease security for the associated digital transaction document. Insuch examples, only the digital token containing LDTDPs are selected bythe DAD, with the associated digital transaction document beingautomatically identified and selected.

In one embodiment, the DTPU CPU operates to copy data from the stagingmemory (staging area) to the EEPROM, or a part of the EEPROM, which hasbeen set aside for secure record memory (secure element). In otherembodiments, the DTPU CPU operates to copy part of the data from thestaging memory to a part of the EEPROM, which has been set aside forsecure record memory, and another part of the data to part of the EEPROMwhich has not been set aside for secure record memory. When, forexample, an LDTDP is copied into secure record memory (secure element),the DTPU uses the digital transaction document information from theLDTDP (unique ID, token, commencement date/time, expiry date/time, etc.)to attain a personality, such that the DTC operates as the associateddigital transaction document with the document’s associatedcharacteristics, such as commencement date/time, expiry date/time, etc.

It will be understood by skilled readers that a particular digitaltransaction document may be represented by one or more LDTDPs. Forexample, a digital transaction document associated only with a unique IDwill be represented by a single LDTDP including that unique ID. In thisexample, the LDTDP being copied to secure record memory (which may bereferred to as a secure element, or a secure element area) causes theDTC to operate as the digital transaction document associated with theunique ID.

In another example, a digital transaction document associated with aunique ID and a single token may be represented by a single LDTDPincluding the unique ID and the token. In this example, the LDTDP beingcopied to secure record memory (secure element) causes the DTC tooperate as the digital transaction document associated with thetokenized unique ID. Alternatively, a digital transaction documentassociated with a unique ID and a single token may be represented by twoLDTDPs, one of which includes the unique ID, the other including thetoken. In this alternative example, the LDTDP including the unique IDbeing copied to secure record memory (secure element) causes the DTC tooperate as the digital transaction document associated with the uniqueID (untokenized), whereas the LDTDP including the token associated withthe unique ID being copied to secure record memory (secure element)causes the DTC to operate as the digital transaction document associatedwith the tokenized unique ID.

In yet another example, a digital transaction document associated with aunique ID and multiple tokens may be represented by various LDTDPsincluding both the unique ID and one of the multiple tokens, or could berepresented by one LDTDP containing the unique ID, and a number of otherLDTDPs, each containing one of the multiple tokens associated with theunique ID associated with the digital transaction document representedby all the LDTDPs, wherein the one of the LDTDPs being copied to securerecord memory causes the DTC to operate as either the digitaltransaction document associated with the tokenized unique ID, or thedigital transaction document associated with the untokenized unique ID.

Other arrangements for the LDTDPs may be contemplated, depending on thenature of the digital transaction document represented by the LDTDP (orLDTDPs).

In some embodiments, an LDTDP may also contain further data associatedwith a digital transaction document, such as an expiry date for thedocument. It may also be desirable in some circumstances to havemultiple expiry dates in an LDTDP, for example, one expiry date for theunique ID (or for the associated digital transaction document) andanother expiry date for a token associated with the unique ID. It willbe understood that, where a digital transaction document has a number ofassociated tokens, each token may have a different expiry date, whichwill be contained in the respective LDTDP.

Further, the LDTDP for some digital transaction documents may include acommencement date, so that the period between commencement of validityand expiry of validity of the document (and/or one or more tokensassociated therewith) can be controlled. For example, it may bedesirable to have the digital transaction document valid for only oneday if the document is a door pass, or some other card or pass, with ashort validity requirement. Moreover, the commencement and expiry in theLDTDP could include times as well as dates for finer control of thevalidity period of the digital transaction document (and/or one or moretokens associated therewith).

In other embodiments, the further data contained in an LDTDP may includea security code associated with the unique ID of the document, and mayalso include a number of other different security codes associated withone or more tokens also contained in the LDTDP. For example, where thedigital transaction document is a credit card, the security codes may beCard Verification Value 2 (CVV2) security codes, or similar. In thisexample, the unique ID is a PAN, which has an associated CVV2 securitycode, and the PAN has, perhaps, five associated tokens, each token alsohaving an associated CVV2.

In yet other embodiments, the LDTDP may contain a PersonalIdentification Number (PIN) for the digital transaction document. Theremay be one PIN associated with the unique ID of the document, and other(different) PINs, each associated with a token. In some embodiments, thePINs could be One-Time PINs (OTPs), which expire after being used for asingle transaction. In other embodiments, the PINs may have a limitedperiod of validity, for example, expiring one week after first use.

In other embodiments, the LDTDP may contain other data, such as name,date-of-birth, physical characteristics, and other personal data of aperson who owns the digital transaction document. For example, if thedigital transaction document is a passport, for certain transactions anLDTDP containing the passport unique ID and eye color of the owner maybe desired for authentication and/or verification in such transactions.

The LDTDP may be described as including, containing, wrapping orembodying a unique ID, token and/or other data. Further, the LDTDP maybe encrypted (or otherwise secured) to protect the data contained in theLDTDP. In yet other embodiments, the LDTDP may be secured by using apublic/private key infrastructure. The public and private keys may beissued by, for example, the DTC’s primary issuer. Alternatively, thepublic and private keys may be issued by a primary issuer of an LDTDP,for example, a credit card provider.

In some embodiments, the DTPU may include a System Input/Output (SystemI/O) for inputting and outputting data and/or encrypted data to and fromthe DTPU. The System I/O is a means by which the LDTDP can be copiedinto secure record memory (secure element), allowing the DTPU to operatewith the personality of the logical digital transaction documentcontained in the LDTDP. The secure element could be located on one ormore devices. It could also be located in a single device with a virtualpartition, or a folder.

The DTPU may also include a processor, or Central Processing Unit (CPU),which operates to control the DPTU. Further, the DTPU may include acrypto-coprocessor for encrypting and decrypting data efficiently, thusallowing the DTPU CPU to operate more efficiently without having theburden of encryption and decryption tasks. In some embodiments, the DTPUCPU and crypto-processor co-operate to decrypt (unwrap, unpack, orotherwise deal with) a selected LDTDP, before or while being stored insecure record memory, such that the DTPU can operate with data from theLDTDP.

The DTPU may also include various different types of memory, such asRead Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and ElectricallyErasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). In some embodiments,one of the types of memory can be used for the secure record memory(also known as a secure element), with one of the other types of memoryused for the staging memory (which may also be referred to as a stagingarea). Any one of the abovementioned types of memory could be used asLDTDP storage memory.

In some embodiments, the DTPU is an EMV device, or a device thatconforms with one or more EMVCo specifications. In other embodiments,the DTPU is an EMV device (otherwise conforming to one or more EMVCospecifications), which is constructed to read a secure storage area(staging memory/staging area) for the purpose of establishing thepersonality of the card in which the DTPU is installed. The securestorage area, or staging memory, may be within the constructed EMVdevice, within the constructed EMV device storage area (memory), orwithin some other secure memory.

In embodiments, the CPU of the DTPU and/or a CPU that is external to theDTPU but resident within the DTC (referred to as an external DTCprocessor) is activated only after the CPU or the external CPU securelyidentifies itself to a linked DAD, such as a smartphone. In someembodiments, linking between the DAD (for example, a smartphone) and theDTC uses strong encryption for the ID and transfer of data. Links may beunique to each set (smartphone and DTC).

In embodiments, the linking between the DAD and the DTC is wireless, andmay be formed using respective transceivers of the DAD and DTC. In yetother embodiments, the DTC is linkable” (i.e. operable to establishcommunications) with the DAD using a physical connection, such as a datacable. In such embodiments, the data cable may be adapted at one end toplug in to a communications port, such as a USB port, on the DAD, withthe other end adapted to clamp or clip on to a part of the DTC. The DTCmay have electrodes, or metal plates at or towards an edge thereof toconnect with the cable when clamping or clipping the other end of thedata cable to the DTC. In some embodiments, the respective transceiversfor the DAD and the DTC may be suitable for Bluetooth™, Low EnergyBluetooth™, Wi-Fi, NFC, ANT+, or other types of contactless, or wirelesscommunication transceivers. In embodiments, the DTC may include abutton, or a similar device, to activate linking with the DAD.

In various embodiments, the DAD is operable to transfer data to the DTCwithout the formation of a direct link between the DAD and DTC. In suchembodiments, the DAD is used to transfer data, for example, via theinternet to a (cloud) connected third party device. A link between theDAD and the third party device for the data transfer can be temporary,and that link can be terminated once the data has been completelytransferred. The third party device is connected, for example, to anetwork (perhaps via another third party, such as a payment processor),which enables the third party device to form a link and communicate witha digital transaction system device, such as a Point Of Sale /Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale (POS/EFTPOS) terminal orAutomatic Teller Machine (ATM), subsequent to forming a link with thenetwork and thence to the digital transaction system device. The thirdparty device is enabled to transfer the data previously received fromthe DAD to the digital transaction system device. A holder of a DTC(which may be a person different from the owner and/or operator of theDAD) can take the DTC to the digital transaction device, and byinsertion, or placing the DTC proximal to the device, the DTC holder canobtain data from the digital transaction system device. In this way,data from the DAD can be transferred indirectly and asynchronously tothe DTC. This indirect data communication between the DAD and the DTCcan also be reversed such that the DTC indirectly and asynchronouslytransfers data to the DAD, perhaps using the same infrastructure of thedigital transaction system device, the network including the paymentprocessor, the third party device and the internet. It will berecognised that the indirect and asynchronous data transfer may beuseful where a first person has a DAD and wants to send data to a DTC inthe control of a second person who is geographically remote from thefirst person. For example, a mother operating her DAD may prefer toincrease spending limits of a DTC operated by her son who is travellingin a foreign country.

In embodiments, the external DTC CPU controls the reading and re-readingof the DTPU (for example, an EMV device), and updating the memorycontents of the DTPU.

In embodiments, a DTC includes a wearable payment device such as a watchbut also includes payment devices that are incorporated into pieces ofjewellery such as finger rings, bangles and pendants. The DTC could alsocomprise an implantable payment device, which includes chip andtransceiver arrangements which may be suitably configured forsubcutaneous implantation.

In other embodiments, the DAD may be a smartphone, or another suitabledevice such as a fob, or key fob, or a portable processing device withan internal/external wireless communications capability such as an NFCreader/writer which is configured to operate as a DAD. In someembodiments, the DAD may be, or may include a wearable device, such as awatch or other piece of jewellery. In this regard, some smartphonespresently operate with wearable wrist (or watch-like) devices. It isenvisaged that future smartphones may be wholly incorporated into awearable device, and that the DAD can be such a device. In thecircumstance that the DAD includes a smartphone operating with awearable wrist (or watch-like) device, the wearable component may haveits own unique ID, which can be used for securing linking and datatransfer between the DAD and the DTC in cooperation with unique IDs,respectively, for a smart phone and the DTC.

In other embodiments, the DAD (smartphone), after securely connecting tothe DTC, uploads correctly formatted data in an LDTDP to the nominatedsecure storage area (staging memory or staging area) and then transmitsa command to either the DTPU CPU or the external DTC CPU to check if thenominated storage area contains the data in a specified format (e.g. acompliant LDTDP). If the data satisfies the specified formatrequirements and passes various checks, the DTPU CPU or the external DTCCPU copies or moves the data (LDTDP) to a specified area (secure recordmemory/secure element) within the DTPU (for example, within the EMVdevice). The DTPU CPU or the external DTC CPU then transmits a commandto the DTPU (EMV device) to read the data (LDTDP) within the securerecord memory and act according to the data (express the LDTDP as theassociated digital transaction document) contained within this securerecord memory (secure element). The DTPU CPU or the external DTC CPU canbe programmed to search for specific headers and/or other dataidentifiers within a range of parameters before acting. In otherembodiments, it is possible to copy all records of all LDTDPs to thestaging memory, and to use an index to reference the selected LDTDP fromthose records. Copying all records in this manner reduces therequirement to write to and/or read from the staging memory, andtherefore reduces risks of accessing that memory area, includingsecurity risks.

In some embodiments, the secure record memory (secure element) islocated in the DTPU, the staging memory (staging area) is locatedexternal to the DTPU on the DTC, and the LDTDP storage memory (storagememory or a memory location) is located on the DAD. In otherembodiments, the secure record memory (secure element) could be locatedwithin the external CPU on the DTC. Further, the LDTDP storage memoryand/or the staging memory (staging area) could be located outside of theDTC, for example, as additional memory located on the DAD. Whilst thesecure record memory (secure element) could be located outside of theDTPU, this arrangement could be considered less secure than locating thesecure record memory within the DTPU. However, any security concernscould be mitigated by encrypting any data in a secure record memorylocated outside the DTPU. In yet other embodiments, the LDTDP storagememory could be located elsewhere other than the DAD or the DTC, and,for example, the LDTDP storage memory could be located in a cloud basedstorage system, or could be located on portable memory, which can beaccessed from the DAD.

In embodiments, the DTC includes a card transceiver. In otherembodiments, the DTC includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI) fordisplaying data associated with the digital transaction document ortoken associated with the selected or implemented LDTDP. For example, ifthe logical digital transaction document is a credit card, the GUI onthe DTC may display the PAN, the selected token associated with theselected LDTDP containing the logical digital transaction document, thecard brand logo, the expiry date of the credit card, and may alsodisplay a virtual, or mimicked, hologram of the credit card brand. Inanother embodiment, the DTC may only display the selected token,including the expiry data and/or the CVV2, and not the associated PAN.The DTC may also include a real hologram displayed somewhere on itssurface.

The external DTC CPU (or external processor) may control operationsexternal to the DTPU and/or control reading/writing and otherinput/output operations with the DTPU via the DTPU system I/O. Theexternal DTC CPU may also accommodate security tasks external to theDTPU, and/or control the GUI. In some embodiments, the external DTC CPUmay include firmware that is operable to write data (for example, LDTDPdata) to staging memory, such that, when the DTPU is activated, the DTPUcopies the data to secure record memory (secure element) in the DTPU. Inembodiments, the firmware on the external DTC CPU may be updated and theDTC is provided with means for enabling firmware updates. The updatesmay include firmware that extends functionality of the DTC and anyprograms and/or applications running thereon. The updates may allow forcorrection or amendment of existing firmware functions that have beenidentified as faulty or sub-optimal. Other firmware updates may beissued to improve or extend security, or secure functioning of the DTC.The ability to update firmware may be contrasted with, for example,existing credit or debit cards using EMV devices, where there is no, orlimited, ability to update the EMV firmware. Presently, firmware is“updated” by replacement of a credit card or debit card when it expires.In the circumstances that the DTC has a relatively long operationallife, for example, 5 years or more, updating firmware during theoperational file of a DTC enables the functionality of the DTC to beimproved or enhanced without requiring return of the DTC to an issuingauthority.

In embodiments, the DTC may only form a communications link with one DADto the exclusion of all other DADs representing a secure communicationslink and transmission of data between the DAD and the DTC by respectivetransceivers (the DTC transceiver and the DAD transceiver). In someembodiments, the link is a secure/encrypted link. In other embodiments,each DAD may be linked with multiple DTCs. However, in this embodiment,each DTC may link with only one DAD, to the exclusion of all other DADs.

In embodiments, the linking between the DTC and the DAD may beimplemented by using a unique identifier for the DTC and another uniqueidentifier for the DAD. In some embodiments, the linking of the DTC andthe DAD may occur (at least partially) before the DTC is sent to a user.For example, the linking may be implemented by a DTC issuer, including abank, a card issuing facility, a card “personalization” facility, orother type of third party institution capable of implementing a“partial” linking. In one example, a partial linking may be implementedby the DTC issuer establishing the DTC and providing an applicationready for download by a user to the user’s DAD (for example, asmartphone), wherein activating the application causes the smartphone tosearch for, and link to, the DTC issued to the user. In otherembodiments, the linking may be implemented by the user, and may occurwhen the user receives the DTC.

In some embodiments, the linking between the DTC and the DAD ispermanent, or semi-permanent, and cannot be unlinked, or re-linkedwithout permission and required action from, for example, one of thepreviously-mentioned third parties. For example, to unlink a DTC and theDAD uniquely linked to it, a unique code may be entered on the DAD anduploaded to the DTC. This will reset the DTC to a default state. In thedefault state, the DTC could “look” for a new specified uniqueidentifier for a different DAD (for example, an IMEI number, or anothersuitable unique ID, of a smartphone). This unlinking/re-linking may beuseful when the user replaces their DAD, such as a smartphone. In yetother embodiments, the linking may be temporary, and performed by theuser. For example, a user may form a link a short time before anintended transaction is to occur, and, may unlink after the transactionis completed and at a predefined short duration after the transaction.

In an embodiment where the DTC and the DAD are dynamically linked (thatis, linked by the user at a chosen time), the linking and selecting ofthe desired LDTDP from the DAD can occur in any order.

In embodiments, in order to have secure communication between the DTCand the DAD, the security may be implemented by linking the transactioncard and the DAD, or the security may be implemented for datatransmission between the transaction card and the DAD. In otherembodiments, the security may be implemented for both the linking andthe data transmission.

In some embodiments, the DTC includes a battery or capacitor to provideelectrical power for memory storage. For example, embodiments of thecard may include non-static type memory storage or, some form of poweredtransceiver, such a as Bluetooth™ transceiver. A battery can also beused to power the DTC to process encryption, and for changing the LDTDPcontaining the digital transaction document and/or digital tokenexpressed by the DTC by implementing changes in the LDTDP containing thelogical digital transaction document and/or the associated digitaltoken.

In some embodiments, the DAD includes a processor, a user interface, adevice transceiver and device memory. In various embodiments, the DADmay be a smartphone, computer tablet, laptop, Personal Computer (PC),fob device, or other suitable equipment capable of operating to allow auser to select an LDTDP and transmit data representing that selectedLDTDP. The DAD may also be a custom built device suitable for thepurpose. In other embodiments, the DAD may be a wearable device, such asa smart watch, or could be enabled to operate with such a wearabledevice. In embodiments where the DAD has a user interfaces capable ofdisplaying images, the user interface may display a Card AssociationScheme logo along with the name or other alphanumeric indicator of apersonality. In the instance of a credit card, the display of a CardAssociation Scheme logo on the DAD user interface should appease CardAssociation Scheme providers who would otherwise prefer a physical carddisplaying that logo permanently.

In an embodiment, a selection is made from the user interface, which mayinclude selecting from a touch activated screen, for example, on asmartphone. The touch activated screen may operate by displaying lists,drop-down lists, or other screen designs, or may employ icons on thescreen. In an alternate embodiment, the user interface may be a simpledisplay with buttons, for example, on a fob, or a key fob. Where the DADis a PC or laptop, it may employ a screen and keyboard to provide a userinterface. However, the DAD is generally preferred by users to be aportable device. On the DAD screen, an LDTDP may be representedsymbolically with an icon relevant to the associated (logical) digitaltransaction document, or could use names or nicknames for the LDTDP. Thenames or nicknames could be assigned by the user, or a service provider.

For example, the document might be a MasterCard credit card and theLDTDP associated with the MasterCard may be represented on the DADscreen by a MasterCard logo. Additionally, or alternatively, the LDTDPmay be represented by a combination of icon and alphanumericinformation. For example, where a MasterCard has one or more associatedtokens, each token contained in a separate LDTDP, the LDTDP for eachMasterCard token may be represented on the DAD screen by the MasterCardlogo and at least a part of the respective token number.

In various embodiments, the digital transaction devices may includePOS/EFTPOS terminals, ATMs, internet connected computers or personalcomputers, and other such electronic devices. The digital transactiondevice may also include infrastructure such as a telephone and callcentre enabled for Mail Order/Telephone Order (MOTO) type transactions.

In embodiments, the DTC and the digital transaction device may interfacewith each other by various methods. In some embodiments, the interfacemay be effected by insertion of the DTC into the digital transactiondevice. In other embodiments, the interface between the transaction cardand the transaction device may be effected by Near Field Communication(NFC), wherein the card and/or the device each have a transceiver andantenna for communication. In yet other embodiments, the DTC may includea magnetic stripe, wherein the digital transaction device includes amagnetic stripe reader. In yet other embodiments, the DAD may include atransceiver configured for communication with the digital transactiondevice, so that transactions can optionally be made directly through theDAD. In yet other embodiments, the DTC is configured to be inserted intoa POS/EFTPOS terminal, or an ATM, and is approximately the same size asa credit/debit card.

In further embodiments, the DTC may have a magnetic stripe, and the DADmay have a magnetic stripe reader and/or writer.

In an embodiment, the DTC may be adapted to express a default “Null”personality, wherein the data in place of an LDTDP containing a logicaldigital transaction document requiring unique identification could be apredetermined series of digits, for example, all zeros. In one example,where the logical digital transaction document represented by an LDTDPis a credit card, the unique identification may be the credit card PANor an associated digital token, and setting the DTC back to expressing aNull personality is performed by over-writing or replacing the PAN orthe associated digital token with all zeros. This may occur by writingto the staging memory and copying into the secure record memory, or byhaving the DTPU itself write into secure record memory (secure element).

In an optional embodiment, the DTC may be configured to store an LDTDPfor an associated logical digital transaction document and/or associateddigital tokens for a chosen period. The period may be predetermined bythe issuer of the DTC and/or issuer of the digital tokens (which may bea different issuer to that of the DTC). Alternatively, the storageperiod may be chosen by the user. In other variations, the period may bedynamically selectable, and could be chosen by the user for eachtransaction, or for each selection and storage of a single LDTDP for anassociated logical digital transaction document and/or associateddigital token(s) on the DTC. In other embodiments, the storage periodfor the LDTDP for an associated logical digital transaction documentand/or associated digital token(s) on the DTC could be determined basedon the LDTDP selected, the transaction type, or both.

In yet another embodiment, the DTPU of the DTC is configured tostore/express the personality associated with only one LDTDP containinga logical digital transaction document and associated digital token(s)at any particular time. In this regard, to change the LDTDP in the DTPU,a user must overwrite or delete a previously-stored/expressed LDTDPcontaining a logical digital transaction document and its associatedtoken(s) if there is one embodied in the DTC at that time. In anotherembodiment, the card may be configured to store/express more than oneLDTDP (containing a logical digital transaction document and theassociated token(s) for each document) concurrently.

In another embodiment, the DTC and its DTPU may be configured to storeand/or express an LDTDP associated with a primary logical digitaltransaction document and its associated token(s), and one LDTDPassociated with a secondary logical digital transaction document and itsassociated token(s). In yet another embodiment, the DTC and its DTPU maybe configured to store and/or express one LDTDP associated with aprimary logical digital transaction document and its associatedtoken(s), and one or more LDTDP associated with secondary logicaldigital transaction documents and associated token(s) for each. TheLDTDP associated with the primary logical digital transaction documentand its associated token(s), in some embodiments, may be storedpermanently on the DTC in its DTPU, with the one, or one or more, LDTDPsassociated with secondary logical digital transaction documents and theassociated token(s) for each being temporarily stored on the DTC in itsDTPU. In yet other embodiments, the one, or one or more, LDTDPsassociated with secondary logical digital transaction documents and theassociated token(s) for each may be permanently stored and/or expressedon the DTC in its DTPU and referenced by a code stored on the DAD.

In yet other embodiments, the DAD may include an e-wallet, which can beconfigured to operate with one or more of the LDTDPs containing logicaldigital transaction documents and associated token(s) stored on the DAD.This arrangement can be used to top up funds where the associateddigital transaction document is a debit card or a credit card. Further,the DAD may include functionality to allow a user to view transactionsthat are completed with the DTC (or by other means, such as onlinetransactions) in real time. This may allow the user to monitor alltransactions made by all LDTDPs associated with digital transactiondocuments in the apparatus (which may include a plurality of DTCs linkedor linkable with the DAD) in, a single screen or with a singlesmartphone application. Further, the user could be shown the associateddigital token that was used for a transaction. This may further allowthe user to cancel, stop, pause or otherwise appropriately deal with oneor more digital transaction documents if the user detects or perceivesthat one or more digital transaction documents have been misused orfraudulently used. The apparatus could also be adapted to allow the userto cancel, stop, pause or otherwise appropriately deal with one or moredigital transaction documents on a token-by-token basis, so that onlycertain tokens associated with a document are disabled, but the documentis still useable with other associated tokens. The user could alsocancel, stop, pause or otherwise appropriately deal with one or morelogical digital transaction documents if the user seeks to limit, forexample, spending, or other financial or non-financial transactionsoccurring with one or more logical digital transaction documents. Thismay also be performed on a token-by-token basis.

In another embodiment, the DAD may be enabled to receive alerts for theuser when a transaction, or a selected category or type of transaction,is conducted using the DTC. For example, the DAD may alert the user thatan LDTDP containing a digital transaction document, such as a passport,has been used for identification at an airport. Further, the alerts canbe implemented on a token-by-token basis. In another example, the DADmay alert the user that a credit card has been used to purchase servicessuch as a taxi ride, not included in a list of authorized transactioncategories, such as purchases of fuel and groceries, selected by theuser.

In other embodiments, the DAD and/or the DTC may be configured to allowa user to classify transactions into categories. The categories could bepredefined and/or defined by the user. The categorization could beconfigured in order to allow the user to monitor and/or limittransactions, such as spending with credit within that category. Acategory may be related to only one LDTDP and associated (logical)digital transaction document, or could be related to a number of LDTDPsand respective associated (logical) digital transaction documents.Tokens can also be used for categorization of transactions using the oneLDTDP and associated digital transaction document.

In yet another embodiment, the DAD may be configured to allow the userto transfer funds to another user who has a DAD. The transfer may belimited to same or similar LDTDPs and associated (logical) digitaltransaction document types, and could be limited in amount. In a furtherembodiment, the DTC could be configured to transfer funds to another DTC(owned by the user or owned by another user), or to another DAD (ownedby the user or another user).

Furthermore, in another embodiment, third parties, such as financialinstitutions, police, customs, government, employers, spouses, parentsand other interested parties could be authorized and enabled to cancel,stop, pause or otherwise appropriately deal with (including temporarysuspension) one or more LDTDPs containing logical digital transactiondocuments in the apparatus or selected token(s) associated with thedocument. This may be useful, for example, if a user has a gamblingaddiction, and prefers to have a third party monitor and prevent accessto credit cards, debit cards, bank accounts or other kinds of financiallogical digital transaction documents in order to prevent the user fromexcessive gambling. In the instance of an attempted fraudulenttransaction and cancellation/re-issuance of a logical digitaltransaction document, the user may be provided with alerts advising thecancellation of a document and the availability of a replacementdocument for collection/download to a user’s DAD and subsequent use toeffect a transaction with a DTC adopting the personality of the newlyissued (replacement) document.

In other embodiments, the DAD may be configured to store datarepresenting loyalty points, frequent flyer points, or other associatedtransaction related documents, attached to a (logical) digitaltransaction document contained in an LDTDP, or plurality of (logical)digital transaction documents contained in respective LDTDPs. The DADmay also be enabled to update loyalty points, frequent flyer points andother associated transaction related documents during or after atransaction, or at other times. For example, loyalty points may be usedduring a transaction to reduce the cost of an item to be purchased usingthe DTC and the DAD. The DAD may also be enabled to add loyalty points,frequent flyer points and other associated transaction related documentsif a user visits a particular shopping store, or is in a predeterminedproximity of the store. In some embodiments, the loyalty points,frequent flyer points and other associated transaction related documentsmay be contained in an LDTDP as further data associated with therelevant (logical) digital transaction document and/or associatedtokens.

In yet another embodiment, if the DTC includes an LDTDP containing aprimary logical digital transaction document, for example, permanentlystored and/or expressed on the DTC in the DTPU, the primary logicaldigital transaction document may be a false or fake logical digitaltransaction document, such that data copied from the DTC or DTPU whereonly the primary logical digital transaction document is stored on theDTC or DTPU will be useless for any digital transactions. Alternatively,the primary logical digital transaction document may be represented by aunique ID that is incomplete, expired or all zeros, such as a Null ID.For example, where the primary digital transaction document is a creditcard, the PAN of the card could be incomplete, expired or all zeros. Inthis embodiment, only LDTDPs containing secondary logical digitaltransaction documents stored on the DTC and/or in the DTPU will be realand useable for a digital transaction when embodied on the DTC via theDTPU as a digital transaction document. Further, an LDTDP containing asecondary logical digital transaction document and its associateddigital token(s) may be stored or embodied as a tokenized digitaltransaction document on the DTC and/or expressed in the DTPU for only ashort period, for example, five minutes, in order to reduce the risk oftheft of data representing the digital transaction document and token.This arrangement reduces the risk that an unauthorized user can emulatethe associated digital transaction document and token. Alternatively,the LDTDP containing the primary logical digital transaction documentstored on the DTC and/or expressed in the DTPU may comprise incompletedata, rendering the DTC/DTPU unusable for digital transactions until auser downloads and saves secondary data to the DTC/DTPU (along withassociated token data), to render the primary logical digitaltransaction document complete and useable for digital transactions.

In yet another embodiment, each LDTDP or a sub-set of LDTDPs stored on aDAD may have a PIN associated therewith (or contained therein). The PINmay be a static PIN, or could be a dynamically generated PIN. In otherembodiments, the PIN may be displayed on the user interface of the DAD.Access to the PIN to display on the screen of the DAD may be by securedmethods, such as finger swipe or other such security methods such asthose commonly implemented on smartphones. In another embodiment, theDAD may be configured to allow the user to update a PIN for a particularLDTDP or for a number of LDTDPs. In embodiments, PINs could also beassociated with particular tokens for a document in an LDTDP, such thateach token for the document has a different PIN.

In an embodiment, the method includes operating the activated DTC withthe digital transaction device to perform the digital transaction.

In some embodiments, tokens are provided for an LDTDP associated with aprimary logical digital transaction document before the DTC is issued toa user. The tokens can be sent to the DAD through a secure network sothat a token can be selected for a transaction with the associated LDTDPfor the logical digital transaction document (already stored on the DTCor in the DTPU at issuance) at the time of a transaction. Alternatively,the tokens associated with the primary document could be loaded onto theDTC or DTPU at issuance, with selection effected by the DAD at the timeof a transaction. Secondary logical digital transaction documents(optionally contained in LDTDPs) may be issued to the user through asecure network means to the DAD after issuance of the DTC, and theassociated digital tokens for each secondary document can be issued withthe associated secondary document (also optionally contained in therespective LDTDPs).

In yet another embodiment, tokens contained in one or more LDTDPs can bea fixed or extendible pool, which are used in a cyclical manner, with anext token selected in order. Alternatively, tokens could be selectedfrom the pool randomly (or pseudo-randomly). In a further embodiment,tokens could be one use only, with a pool of used or expired tokensreplaced when every token in the pool has been used or expired. It isalso possible that the pool of tokens is replenished in advance of everytoken being used or expired, for example, when there are ten unused orunexpired tokens remaining in the pool, the user could be alerted to theneed for token replenishment. It will be understood that single usetokens can improve security for an associated digital transactiondocument (and its containing LDTDP), and for the transactions. Inanother embodiment, the user could choose when to replace tokens in thetoken pool. In this embodiment, the user could request a new pool or anextension of their existing pool of tokens from a token provider. Thenew tokens could be provided already contained in respective LDTDPs forstorage in LDTDP storage memory.

In a further embodiment, a primary user of a given digital transactiondocument could assign tokens to a secondary user of that document. Forexample, a primary credit card holder could assign token(s) from a tokenpool to a subsidiary holder of that credit card. This may be used as away to control the spending of the subsidiary credit card user tolimits, amounts or categories of spending.

In yet other embodiments, where tokens are assigned for usage in onlycertain transaction types, a third party, such as a token issuer,government agency or other controller of token usage, has authority toallow issuance of only tokens for selected transaction types. In oneexample, the authority controlling issuance of tokens may only allowtokens to be issued for a credit card that are for non-gamblingexpenditure.

In some embodiments, the tokens are generated only by a third partyprovider who issues the tokens to users (optionally already contained inrespective LDTDPs). The tokens may also be issued by another third partyprovider in other embodiments. Alternatively, in an embodiment, thetokens may be generated locally by the user, for example, by the DAD andstored into the LDTDP storage memory contained in LDTDPs. The locallygenerated tokens could be securely copied to a third party to be matchedduring a transaction to thereby authorize the transaction. A cryptogrammay be created containing a token, along with one or more of theassociated document’s unique ID, expiry date, unique ID of the DAD,time, date, location, and various other random, pseudo-random ornon-random inputs. A cryptogram may also be created using, for example,a public key from the DTC, a public key from the LDTDP (for example, ifit is a credit card LDTDP), and/or a public key from the digitaltransaction device (for example, a POS/EFTPOS terminal). The cryptogrammay also be created using public keys from other sources. A cryptogramcreated using one or more public keys will contain the one or moretokens, and other IDs and data.

Although various security and convenience benefits are evident, to askilled person upon reading the specification, with one or morearrangements according to embodiments of the invention, to the presenttime there has not been a sufficiently effective, efficient, and/orsecure means and/or method for adapting a DTPU (such as an EMVCospecified device) to embody different personalities as compared with thepersonality of the DTPU that was initially installed.

Since the certification process for a DTPU (such as an EMVCo specifieddevice) is an extremely long and complicated process, it is particularlydesirable to provide a Digital Transaction Card (DTC) that is operableto selectively assume the personality of a number of different digitaltransaction documents without requiring any change or modification tothe hardware or essential operating firmware of a DTPU device that hasalready achieved certification for use in accordance with existingdigital transaction systems. A Digital Transaction Card (DTC) that isoperable to selectively assume the personality of a number of differentdigital transaction documents without requiring any change to the DTPUthat has previously been certified for use in digital transactionnetworks, enables the development of a DTC that comprises the desirablefeatures of selectively assuming the personality of one of a number ofdifferent digital transaction documents without the usual delayassociated with obtaining certification of a new, or modified, DTPU thatis operable to effect the additional functionality of the DTC that wasnot previously available.

In yet other embodiments, the apparatus (and associated method) mayallow for a point-to-point secure connection to be established betweenthe LDTDP storage memory and the secure record memory (secure element)of the DTPU on the DTC. This direct channel of communication allows fortransfer of data directly from the storage memory to the secure recordmemory.

It will be appreciated that, whether the data is transferred from LDTDPstorage to staging memory and thence to secure record memory, or data istransferred via a point-to-point connection directly from LDTDP storagememory to the secure record memory (secure element), the DAD may be usedto operate the system to facilitate the data transfer, includingestablishing required links, connections and entering required data,such as the name or identification of a LDTDP, and enteringauthentication/authorization data, such as PINs. The DAD operates thesystem with assistance from the at least one program on the DTC.

The DTC may also include a processor or CPU for controlling operationsexternal to the DTPU and/or for controlling reading/writing and otherinput/output operations with the DTPU via the DTPU system I/O. The DTCCPU may also handle security tasks external to the DTPU, and/or controlthe GUI. In some embodiments, the DTC may include firmware operated bythe CPU of the DTC. The firmware may be operable to write data (forexample, LDTDP data) to staging memory, such that, when the DTPU isactivated, the DTPU copies the data in to secure record memory (secureelement) in the DTPU. In embodiments, the firmware on the DTC CPU may beupdateable, wherein the DTC is provided with means for enabling firmwareupdates. The updates may include firmware that extends functionality ofthe DTC and any programs and/or applications running thereon. Theupdates may allow for correction or amendment of existing firmwarefunctions that have been identified as faulty or sub-optimal. Otherfirmware updates may be for improving or extending security, or securefunctioning of the DTC. The ability to update firmware may be contrastedwith, for example, existing credit or debit cards using EMV chips, wherethere is no ability or limited ability to update the EMV firmware.Presently, firmware is “updated” by replacement of a credit card ordebit card when it expires. In the circumstances that the DTC has arelatively long operational life, for example, 5 years or more, updatingfirmware may present a useful functionality of the DTC.

In other embodiments, real-time state information and other data fromthe DTC is displayed on the user interface of the DAD, so as to providea user with knowledge, for example, of whether a transaction using theDTC has been successful. The interface can also be used during (oralternatively, before the start of) a transaction to enter data requiredfor a transaction, for example, entering a Personal IdentificationNumber (PIN), or using other authentication means, including fingerprints and retinal scans, for authorize and/or authentication of atransaction. The PIN may be a One-Time-PIN (OTP), useable for only onetransaction or for a selected time period.

In some embodiments, the LDTDPs may be stored on the DAD in LDTDPstorage memory, and at least one LDTDP can be selected via the interfaceof the DAD, then copied before or during a transaction to the DTC, sothat the DTC, via its DTPU can take on the personality of the digitaltransaction document associated with the LDTDP transmitted to the DTC.

In an embodiment, selection is made via the user interface of the DAD,which may include selecting from a touch activated screen, for example,on a smartphone. The touch activated screen may operate by displayinglists, drop-down lists, or other screen designs, or may employ icons onthe screen. The user interface may also be a simple display withbuttons, for example, on a fob, or a key fob. Where the DAD is a PC orlaptop, it may employ a screen and keyboard to provide a user interface.However, the DAD is generally preferred by users to be a portabledevice. On the DAD screen, a LDTDP may be represented symbolically withan icon relevant to the associated (logical) digital transactiondocument, or could use names or nicknames for the LDTDP. The names ornicknames could be assigned by the user, or a service provider.

For example, the document might be a MasterCard credit card, so that theLDTDP associated with the MasterCard is represented on the DAD screen bya MasterCard logo. Additionally, or alternatively, the LDTDP may berepresented by a combination of icon and alphanumeric information. Forexample, where a MasterCard has one or more associated tokens, eachtoken contained in a separate LDTDP, the LDTDP for each MasterCard tokenmay be represented on the DAD screen by the MasterCard logo and at leasta part of the respective token number.

In various embodiments, The DTC may also include a button, or a similardevice, to activate linking with the DAD. In some embodiments, therespective transceivers for the DAD and the DTC may be suitable forBluetooth™, Low Energy Bluetooth™, Wi-Fi, Near Field Communication(NFC), ANT+, or other types of contactless, or wireless communicationtransceivers. In other embodiments, the transceivers may require contactbetween the DAD and the DTC in order to transmit data, or in order toestablish a link between the two.

In an embodiment, the DTC may be adapted to express a default “null”personality, wherein the data in place of a LDTDP containing a logicaldigital transaction document requiring unique identification could be apredetermined series of digits, for example, all zeros. In one example,where the logical digital transaction document represented by the LDTDPis a credit card, the unique identification may be the credit card PANor an associated digital token, and setting the DTC back to expressing anull personality is performed by over-writing or replacing the PAN orthe associated digital token with all zeros. This may occur by writingto the staging memory and copying into the secure record memory, orcould be done by having the DTPU itself write into secure record memory(secure element).

Software Enhanced EMV Device

In an embodiment, additional software including data and/or instructionsthat define a personality is installed on an existing certified EMVdevice during runtime to enable the EMV device to adopt thatpersonality.

In an embodiment one or more single-personality Applets (e.g., such asJava Applets) are installed on a personality section of an EMV devicewhich is created at the time of initialization of the EMV devicecontaining data and/or instructions defining a personality, that is,prior to issuance of the EMV device (which retains certification sincethe action is conducted by an approved/certified entity). In such anembodiment, the EMV device is operable to receive and execute commandsfrom either a DAD or a DTC external processor, the commands being inaccordance with the Global Platform Standard. As will be understood, anEMV device executing commands that accord with the Global PlatformStandard remains within the certification parameters of the EMV devicesince Global Platform Commands are pre-approved since they constrain theactions that may be implemented by an EMV device executing such acommand.

In another embodiment the one or more single-personality Applets arestored in a secure location in an external DTC processor, such as aMicrocontroller Unit (MCU) for example, in a location secured bysoftware (encrypted) or by hardware (secure element). In thisembodiment, the EMV device contact plate must be secured so that thirdparties are unable to “listen in” (man in the middle attacks) to datathat is transmitted between the external DTC processor and the EMVdevice for the purpose of monitoring same, and to further ensure thatthird parties cannot inject commands during a session involvingcommunication between an EMV device and MCU. The external DTC processoronce instructed sends and installs the selected file (e.g. the Appletwith the selected personality) to the EMV device by use of GPS commands,and the EMV device executes the commands.

In another embodiment, additional software is incorporated into anexisting certified EMV device to enable the EMV device to receive andinstall multiple personalities and further, implement an increasedcommand set as compared with current devices. In particular, theincreased command set enables the EMV device to receive and install dataand/or instructions defining multiple personalities and modify theoperational parameters and/or the status of the personalities by usingGlobal Platform Commands that are usually only executed by authorisedentities that issue EMV devices.

In an embodiment, a Multi-Personality Applet is installed onto an EMVdevice prior to issuance of the EMV device (which retains certificationsince the action is conducted by an approved/certified entity) and onceissued and in use, the EMV device effects actions to install multiplepersonalities and to effect further actions upon, and with, thepersonalities stored on the EMV device.

In an embodiment, digital transactions are performed with digitaltransaction devices with a DTC having a DTPU and a DTC receiver, and aDAD having a DAD user interface, a DAD transmitter and the DAD havingaccess to data pertaining to a plurality of DTC personalities, whereinthe DAD and DTC are operable to transfer data from the DAD to the DTC,wherein the DTPU includes a software module having instruction codewhich, when executed, causes the DTPU to receive and implementinstructions according with the Global Platform Standard (GPS), the DTPUsoftware module operable to receive a plurality of GPS commands issuedby the DAD responsive to user selection of a desired personality usingthe DAD user interface, thus causing the DTPU to adopt the user selectedpersonality and upon completion of execution of the plurality of GPScommands, the DTC operable to subsequently effect transactions as theuser selected personality.

In an embodiment, the user selected personality is communicated to theDTPU by the DAD. In another embodiment the DTPU seeks a data transferfrom the DAD which includes the user selection.

Embodiments in which existing DTPU hardware is not modified to effectthe functionality provided by the DTC in adopting one of many differentpersonalities is beneficial since the use of an existing DTPU hardwareis likely to require minimal re-certification (or perhaps avoid the needfor re-certification entirely) by a certification authority of the DTPU.

In embodiments in which the existing software of a certified DTPU ismodified to effect the functionality of a DTC operable to store andadopt one of many different personalities, any re-certification that isrequired is likely to be far less difficult and lengthy as compared withaltering the firmware of an existing certified DTPU. Accordingly, use ofGlobal Platform Standard (GPS) commands in the instance of an EMV deviceis beneficial since a DTC can be provided wherein only the EMV devicesoftware is enhanced as compared with an existing certified EMV device.

However, the issuance of GPS commands to effect functions in an EMVdevice requires the data transferred to effect those functions to beencrypted, or in some way isolated from the environment, to preventeavesdropping or man-in-the-middle attacks by persons seeking tointerfere with the legitimate transfer of data according to GPScommands. As will be understood by skilled readers, the use of GPScommands outside the confines of a secure issuing facility may require asecure session to be established for transmission of those commands inorder to retain the secrecy of same. Irrespective of the need to retainsecrecy, the establishment of a secure session ensures that theinjection of commands that are not intended is avoided. Further, despitethe absence of a single GPS command to effect a personality change, asequence of GPS commands are issued during a secure session to effect arequired change such as a user selected change to the personality of aDTC.

As will also be understood, encryption keys that are required to decryptthe parameters of a stored personality reside on the EMV device for eachpersonality and in one embodiment, a further set of limitedfunctionality encryption keys are available to unable changes to thestatus of stored personalities and a limited set of operationalparameters.

Firmware Modified EMV Device

Although a modification to the essential operating firmware of acertified EMV device causes the device to lose its certificationcredentials, it remains possible to implement an embodiment of theinvention with a firmware modification to an existing certified EMVdevice. Of course, once the firmware has been modified, re-certificationof the device with the modified firmware is required before the devicecould be used.

In this embodiment, the firmware of an existing EMV device is modifiedto enable the EMV device to receive and execute an increased set ofcommands from an external network transaction device (such as an ATM orEFTPOS device (or a device initiating a network transaction device))that enables the secure memory of the EMV device to be modified.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how it may beperformed, optional embodiments thereof will now be described by way ofnon-limiting examples only and with reference to the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention, including an embodiment of aDigital Transaction Card (DTC) and an embodiment of a Data AssistanceDevice (DAD) in the form of a smartphone, wherein the apparatus is beingused for a transaction with a digital transaction device, in thisexample, a Point of Sale/Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sales(POS/EFTPOS) terminal;

FIG. 2A is a diagrammatic representation of a DTC in communication withthe DAD of FIG. 1 operating to select a digital transaction document byuse of the DAD and selection of the personality of the DTC resultingfrom selection of the required personality on the DAD and communicationof same to the DTC according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2B is a diagrammatic representation of a DTC illustrating theselection of digital transaction documents by use of a DTC userinterface which in the embodiment of FIG. 2B includes various touchactivated switches and a display;

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are diagrammatic representations of variousembodiments of a DTC in the form of a watch, ring, smartphone protectivecase and a credit card body respectively, the credit card body of FIG.3D depicted according to a minimum viable product embodiment, withoutinterface embodiment and with interface embodiment respectively;

FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic representation of the elements in a softwareenhanced DTPU according to an embodiment of the invention involvingsingle-personality applets;

FIG. 4B is a diagrammatic representation of the elements in a softwareenhanced DTPU according to an embodiment of the invention involvingmulti-personality applets;

FIG. 5A is an abstract diagrammatic representation of a digitaltransaction card (DTC) according to an embodiment of the invention inwhich the DTC has been separated into four abstract layers for thepurpose of explaining the functionality that occurs in each of the fourdefined abstract layers when receiving commands from a DAD to effectchanges to the DTC personality;

FIG. 5B is an abstract diagrammatic representation of a digitaltransaction card (DTC) according to an embodiment of the invention inwhich the DTC has been separated into four abstract layers for thepurpose of explaining the functionality that occurs in each of the fourdefined abstract layers when receiving commands from a DAD to effectchanges to the DTC personality;

FIG. 5C is an expanded representation of the Physical (Electrical) Layerof FIGS. 5A and 5B;

FIG. 6A provides a diagrammatic representation of data flows betweenindividual elements of a Digital Transaction Card (DTC) according to anembodiment of the invention when effecting a DTC personality change froma DAD; the Figures collectively providing diagrammatic support for anexplanation of an exemplary data flow and interactions betweenindividual elements on the Physical (Electrical) Layer of a DTCaccording to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6B provides a diagrammatic representation of data flows betweenindividual elements of a Digital Transaction Card (DTC) according to anembodiment of the invention when effecting a DTC personality change byuse of the DTC interface, the Figures collectively providingdiagrammatic support for an explanation of an exemplary data flow andinteractions between individual elements on the Physical (Electrical)Layer of a DTC according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of a Data Assistance Device(DAD), in this embodiment a smartphone, wherein the DAD is linked with aDTC;

FIG. 8A is a diagrammatic representation of a configuration, accordingto one embodiment, for effecting communication between an MCU device andan EMV device where the communication lines between the EMV externalcontacts plate are switched;

FIG. 8B is a diagrammatic representation of a configuration, accordingto one embodiment for effecting communication between an MCU device andan EMV device in which the data bus extending between the MCU device andthe EMV device is switched, whereas the data and control lines extendingfrom the EMV external contacts plate are connected directly to the EMVinternal contacts plate and the EMV device and are not switched;

FIG. 8C is a diagrammatic representation of an alternativeconfiguration, according to an embodiment, for effecting communicationbetween an MCU device and an EMV device in which selected control linesbetween the EMV external contact plate and the EMV device are switchedand similarly, only selected data and control lines between the MCUdevice and the EMV device are switched;

FIG. 8D is a diagrammatic representation of a further alternativeconfiguration, according to an embodiment, for effecting communicationbetween an MCU device and an EMV device including an external Vccdetection circuit which determines the switching of control linesbetween the EMV external contact plate and the EMV device and/orcorresponding control lines between the MCU device and the EMV device;

FIG. 8E is a diagrammatic representation of yet a further alternativeembodiment for effecting communication between an MCU device and an EMVdevice in which none of the data and/or control lines between the MCUdevice and the EMV device are switched and further, none of the dataand/or control lines between the EMV external contact plate and the EMVdevice are switched; and

FIG. 8F is a diagrammatic representation of an alternative embodiment inwhich the configuration for effecting communication between an MCUdevice and an EMV device relies upon communication between the MCUdevice and the EMV device by means of separate antennas connected to theMCU device and the EMV device respectively, thereby enablingcommunication between the MCU device and the EMV device without the MCUdevice requiring use of any of the data and/or signal lines connectedbetween the EMV external contacts plate and the EMV device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT(S) OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 details the primary components of an apparatus (100) according toan embodiment of the invention, including a Digital Transaction Card(DTC) (108), a Data Assistance Device (DAD) in the form of a smartphone(106) and a Digital Transaction Device (102), which in this example is aPoint of Sale/Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale (POS/EFTPOS)terminal (102). Such terminals (102) may be referred to herein asmerchant terminals, and may engage with the DTC (108) according to acontactless close proximity communication capability according toISO/IEC 14443 between a terminal transceiver (not shown) and a DTCtransceiver (114). Terminal (102) may also engage with a smartphonetransceiver (116) and communicate therewith in accordance with theISO/IEC 14443 Communications protocol. It is also possible for terminals(102) to engage by physical contact with the DTC (108), or with amagnetic stripe on the DTC (108). In the embodiment shown, the terminal(102) requires insertion of the DTC (108) into the terminal (102) toengage by physical contact. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the smartphone(106) wirelessly engages with the DTC (108) by NFC, whereas the DTC(108) wirelessly engages with the terminal (102) by communicationsaccording to ISO/IEC 14443 which is a sub-set of the NFC Communicationsformat.

It will be understood that many types of smart devices, or computingdevices, such as smartphones (106), are unable to interact with manytypes of POS/EFTPOS terminals (102) and Automatic Teller Machines(ATMs). In order to complete a transaction with such terminals, it isnecessary to use a debit or credit card. However, debit or credit cardswill each have a single “personality”, or comprise the physicalembodiment of only a single digital transaction document. For example,presently, a physical transaction card can only have the personality ofa MasterCard or a Visa card, but cannot selectively and serially assumethe personality of both a MasterCard and a Visa card, at differenttimes.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the DTPU (104) on the DTC (108) isan EMV device (where EMV is an abbreviation for Europay, MasterCard, andVisa), or a device complying with one or more of the EMV Cospecifications, which has been adapted to allow expression of a numberof different personalities. Such current DTPUs or EMV devices mayinclude Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and/orElectrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). The DTPU(104) may contain other kinds of memory, and the DTPU (104) may includea Central Processing Unit (CPU) for controlling operations of the DTPU(104). The DTPU CPU may work in cooperation with a crypto-coprocessorwhich handles the tasks of encrypting and decrypting data, thus freeingthe DTPU CPU to perform other processing tasks. Communications betweenthe DTPU (104) and electrodes (112) on the surface of the DTC (108) areeffected by a system Input/Output (system I/O) of the DTPU (104).

Similar to a standard EMV device, the DTPU (104) of the embodiment shownin FIG. 1 is located in a plastic credit card body using electrodes(112) for communicating externally. However, the DTPU (104) may alsocommunicate externally with terminals (102) using a wirelesstransceiver.

In an embodiment in which the operating firmware of an EMV device ismodified, the DTPU (104) EEPROM may be divided into two memory areas. Insome embodiments, the division could be by partition (or virtualpartition), by use of a suitable file structure, or by use of a suitabledirectory structure. In this example embodiment, part of the EEPROM isused as staging memory (staging area). During operation, the stagingmemory has at least one Logical Digital Transaction Document Packet(LDTDP) written into it from LDTDP storage memory. Another part of theEEPROM is used as the secure record memory (secure element). Duringoperation, the at least one LDTDP is taken from staging memory, andwritten into the secure element, which is accessed by the DTPU CPU whenthe DTPU is activated to read the secure element. When the DTPU CPUaccesses the LDTDP, the DTPU (104) is able to assume the personalityrepresented by the LDTDPs, such that the DTC (108) can be used fortransactions with that personality.

In other embodiments, instead of using a single EEPROM divided into twomemory areas (staging and secure record memory areas), there may beprovided two separate memory chips each containing one of a stagingmemory and a secure record memory. These memory devices (or chips) couldbe configured in the DTPU (104) to have no direct link, in order toincrease security, particularly for the secure record memory, whichshould only be directly accessible by certain designated elements in theDTPU (104), such as the DTPU CPU.

In the DTC (108), in accordance with an embodiment of the invention,there may be located an external DTC CPU different from, and additionalto, the DTPU CPU. The control of the DTPU (104) may be by control of theDTPU CPU. The external DTC CPU and the firmware associated therewith mayallow data (including LDTDPs) to be communicated to the DTPU (104)through the system I/O. The external DTC CPU and firmware can beoperated to instruct the DTPU CPU to copy data (for example, one or moreLDTDPs) into the staging memory. The DTC CPU can also be operated toinstruct the DTPU CPU to transfer the data in the staging memory to thesecure record memory.

The data containing the LDTDPs can be stored in LDTDP storage memory,either in the smartphone (106) or on the DTC (108) itself in a memoryseparate from the memories in the DTPU (104). The arrangement depictedin FIG. 1 allows LDTDPs to be stored in LDTDP storage memory, and to becopied from LDTDP storage memory to staging memory. Copying from LDTDPstorage memory to staging memory may be controlled by the external DTCCPU, which in turn controls operation of the DTPU CPU. The operation ofthe external DTC CPU may be controlled by the DAD (106), being operatedby a user via the user DAD user interface 110.

In another step of an example operation, the data containing the one ormore LDTDPs is loaded from staging memory into secure record memory ofthe DTPU (104).

In embodiments, a link is established between a smartphone (a DAD) (106)and a DTC (108), using strong encryption for the identification andtransfer of data therebetween. The link may be unique to each pairing ofa smartphone (106) with a DTC (108).

The external DTC processor (or DTC CPU) is typically activated onlyafter securely identifying itself to the linked smartphone. The DTCprocessor on the DTC (108) controls the reading and re-reading of theDTPU (104), and updating of the DTPU (104) to express new personalities.In some embodiments, the external DTC CPU may be activated by pressingan on/off switch on the DTC (108). In other embodiments, the DTC CPU isactivated (and powered) by the DAD (106).

In embodiments, after the smartphone (106) and DTC (108) are securelylinked, the smartphone (106) uploads correctly formatted data (forexample, an LDTDP) to the nominated secure storage area (for example,staging memory) by the external DTC CPU after meeting specific standardsand passing various checks for compliance, and then transmits a commandto the DTPU processor to do the following:

-   Check if the nominated storage area (staging memory) contains data    (an LDTDP) in a specified format;-   If the data meets a specified standard and passes various checks,    the DTPU processor copies or moves the data to a specified area    (secure record memory) within the DTPU;-   The processor then sends a command to the DTPU (104) to read the    data within the specified area (secure record memory) and act    according to the data contained within that area, which may be    stated as the DTPU (104) expressing the personality of the    particular document represented in the LDTDPs in the secure record    memory;-   The DTPU processor may then be instructed to search for specific    headers and other data identifiers within a range of parameters    before acting on that data.

It will be understood by skilled readers that the DTPU (104) may be anEMV device constructed with an increased storage area, which isspecifically instructed to check and/or monitor a secure storage area(this may be referred to as secure record memory or secure element). TheEMV device may also accept commands from, for example, an externalprocessor resident within the DTC (108).

In embodiments, the external DTC processor only transfers data into thememory area(s) of the DTPU (104), and once inside this memory area, theDTPU processor is responsible for further copying, reading, writing,and/or processing of the data. However, in other embodiments, the datamay remain under the control of the external DTC processor, wherein theexternal DTC processor (CPU) may issue commands to the DTPU processor(CPU) to operate to copy, read, write, and/or process the data.

In another embodiment, the DTPU processor verifies data beforetransferring same to the secure location (secure record memory).Further, the DTPU processor after completing the check and verificationof data instructs the EMV device to load the data, or update itself.

In various embodiments, all memory storage (LDTDP storage memory,staging memory, and secure record memory) may be located on the EMVdevice. Alternatively, some memory storage could be located on a chipoutside the DTPU, but linked to the EMV device. The memory storage maybe file based, using data files (electronic files) located in aDirectory File (DF), with a root directory, or Master File (MF).

The firmware on the external DTC processor may be native firmware (usingmachine language), but could be interpreted code executed according toan interpreter based operating system, including Java card, MultOS, orBasicCard. Because both the external DTC CPU and the DTPU CPU providecommands, the external DTC CPU would benefit from having the samefirmware as the DTPU CPU, therefore allowing commands to be providedusing the same format. In this regard, if and when updating firmware forthe external DTC CPU, it can be beneficial to also update firmware forthe DTPU CPU. In some embodiments, firmware for both the external DTCCPU and the DTPU CPU could be stored in the same location, accessible byboth CPUs, therefore requiring only updates to one firmware repository.However, a single source of firmware may have security implications.

FIG. 1 details a DTC (108) which may form a communication link via a DTCtransceiver (114) with a smartphone transceiver (116) of smartphone(106) to enable data transfer therebetween. In embodiments of theinvention where the digital transaction document in respect of which auser seeks to conduct a transaction, the user may operate the userinterface (110) of the smartphone (106) to select a particular digitaldocument and activate that digital document in the DTC (108). Once theDTC (108) adopts the required personality and assumes thecharacteristics of the digital transaction document selected by the useroperating their smartphone (106), the DTC (108) may then be used toconduct transactions with the DTC (108). In this regard, the DTC (108)operates with all of the characteristics of the selected digitaltransaction document which once activated as the document to beinstalled as the document to which the DTC pertains, the documentbecomes the personality of the DTC. In other words, once a DTC becomesthe physical embodiment of a document, the document transitions to a“personality” of the DTC.

In particular, the DTC (108) with the selected personality of choice fora digital transaction document, may then be used to conduct transactionsaccording to the existing infrastructure of a digital paymenttransaction network including Automatic Teller Machines (not shown),and/or a merchant terminal (102) as shown in FIG. 1 to effect a range oftransactions.

In the case of using the DTC (108) with a selected digital transactiondocument as its personality, the merchant terminal (102) with which theDTC (108) communicates may be effected by use of any of the existingcommunication means between DTCs and merchant terminals and in FIG. 1 .The example illustrated includes a transaction effected between the DTC(108) and a merchant terminal (102) by physical contact between the DTC(108) and the merchant terminal (102) which generally includes physicalcontact between an external contact plate (112) of a payment deviceincorporated in the DTC (108) and electrodes (not shown) resident withinthe merchant terminal (102).

Further examples of conducting a transaction between a DTC (108) and amerchant terminal (102) include the use of contactless close proximitycommunication capabilities of the DTC (108) and the merchant terminal(102) and in instances where the DTC (108) includes a magnetic stripe,using a magnetic stripe reader of the terminal (102) and the DTC (108)to effect the transaction.

The embodiment in FIG. 1 has been described above in terms of anembodiment including a firmware modified EMV device. Of course, skilledreaders will appreciate that the same, or similar, improvements to thefunctioning of a DTC (108) can be achieved with an embodiment includinga software enhanced EMV device which has the advantage of reducedcomplexity regarding any requirement to certify the device in view ofany software enhancements.

Similarly, the embodiments described in FIGS. 2A, 2B and FIGS. 3A to 3Dcould be implemented with arrangements involving either a firmwaremodified EMV device or a software enhanced EMV device.

With reference to FIG. 2A, a DTC in the form of a physical card (200)with associated DAD user interface (202) is diagrammatically illustratedstepping through a process of selecting a different personality for theDTC (200).

In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the DTC (200) does not have a specificpersonality at the commencement of the process of selecting apersonality. A user may operate a smartphone (204) and communicate withthe DTC (200) in accordance with a contactless close proximitycommunication protocol in order to select the personality required ofthe DTC (200). In the particular example of FIG. 2A, the smartphone(204) has executed software to present available card personalities to auser who has selected a VISA card as the preferred personality of theDTC (200). In an embodiment, it may be necessary for the user to providebiometric authentication such as a fingerprint in order to operate thesmartphone (204) to select a personality for the DTC (200).

Once the smartphone (204) communicates the user’s selection of a VISAcard as the personality that should be adopted by the DTC (200), therelevant selection and/or data is transferred from the smartphone (204)to the DTC (200) and upon receipt of the selection and/or datarepresenting the LDTDP of a VISA card, the DTC adopts the personality ofthe VISA card (206). At a subsequent point in time, the user may preferto change the personality of the DTC to a MasterCard and may operatesoftware on their smartphone to select a MasterCard personality for thepurpose of effecting a personality change in the DTC. With reference toFIG. 2A, the smartphone (204) has been operated to select a MasterCardpersonality and upon communicating the relevant selection and/or LDTDPdata to the DTC (200), the DTC adopts a MasterCard personality andsubsequent to which, the DTC (200) will operate as the consumersMasterCard (208).

Ultimately, once a consumer has completed conducting transactions withtheir DTC, they may prefer to render the DTC with a Null personality andwith reference to FIG. 2A, the smartphone (204) is operated to identifythat the consumer prefers to lock their DTC by imparting a Nullpersonality to the DTC. Upon communication of the user’s request, thesmartphone (204) causes the DTC (200) to adopt a Null personality (200).

In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the DTC (200, 206, 208) is a modified DTPUexecuting software that has been modified to allow/enable the DTC toadopt different personalities including a Null personality in accordancewith commands transferred to the DTC by the DAD (204).

The communication between the DAD and DTC may be effected by the DADprocessor communicating with a DTC external processor via respectivetransceivers (shown in FIG. 1 as smartphone transceiver (116) and DTCtransceiver (114) respectively) and wherein the DTC external processorhaving received commands from the DAD, co-operatively communicates withthe EMV device to cause the EMV device to adopt a required personalityin accordance with the commands received by the DTC from the DAD.

With reference to FIG. 2B, the same steps depicted in FIG. 2A areillustrated in FIG. 2B regarding the change of personality of a DigitalTransaction Card. The reader will note that the DTC in FIG. 2B is a DTCwith a Null personality (210) including a user interface, which isdescribed in more detail below, particularly with reference to FIG. 3D.In the instance of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2B, the request tochange the personality of the DTC (210) is effected by the DTC userinterface as compared with the DAD user interface (refer FIG. 2A). Asfor the DTC (200) in FIG. 2A, the Null personality DTC (210) in FIG. 2Btransitions to a VISA card (206) by the user operating the userinterface on the Null personality DTC (210) which includes scroll andenter keys and a display on the DTC.

When seeking to change the personality from a VISA card (206) to aMasterCard (208), the user operates the scroll keys of DTC (206 a)observing the display which displays available personalitiessequentially as the scroll keys are repeatedly depressed. Once aMasterCard personality is displayed, the user may depress the enter keyand the DTC personality is altered accordingly. The DTC (208) can bechanged to a Null personality again by the user operating the userinterface of DTC (208 a) to display and select a Null personality andeffect same.

With reference to FIG. 3A, a DTC in the form of a wearable device (300)is illustrated along with a DAD in the form of a Smartphone (302) and amerchant terminal (304). In this particular embodiment, the wearabledevice (300) is a watch which also provides the function of displayingthe current time and any other functions that are available according tothe wearable device (300). Increasingly, wearable devices are beingadopted by consumers to combine the functions of many individual itemsthereby reducing the complexity of conducting transactions since, oncethe functionality of a DTC is incorporated into a wearable device (300),it is no longer necessary to carry a separate DTC. Wearing the wearabledevice (300) enables the user to conduct transactions with the devicethat they would ordinarily wear. In the instance of FIG. 3A, thewearable device (300) is illustrated communicating with the smartphone(302) and a merchant terminal (304) via contactless close proximitycommunication. Of course, despite all three devices being illustrated inclose proximity, skilled readers will understand that it is notnecessary for the wearable device (300) to be in contactless closeproximity communication with both a smartphone (302) and a merchantterminal (304) simultaneously and the communication between respectivedevices may occur separately at different times.

With reference to FIG. 3B, an alternative wearable device in the form ofa ring (306) is detailed in contactless close proximity communicationwith a DAD in the form of a smartphone (302) and a merchant terminal(304). Once again, in the illustration in FIG. 3B, communication betweenthe smartphone (302), the wearable device in the form of a ring (306)and a merchant terminal (304) all occur using contactless closeproximity communication.

With reference to FIG. 3C, yet another embodiment is illustrated inwhich the DTC is provided in the form of a smartphone case (308). Inthis particular embodiment, a DAD in the form of a smartphone (302)communicates with a DTC in the form of smartphone case (308) which inturn communicates with a merchant terminal (304). All communicationsillustrated in FIG. 3C occur in accordance with contactless closeproximity communication according to ISO/IEC 14443 and in thisparticular embodiment, rather than a wearable device, the DTC takes theform of another convenient device, namely, a smartphone case (308) sinceusers regularly purchase cases for their smartphones in order to protecttheir smartphone from damage. Of course, in the embodiment of FIG. 3C,if a consumer were to user a DTC in the form of a smartphone case (308),and attach the case (308) to the smartphone (302), then the DAD in theform of the smartphone (302) and the DTC in the form of a smartphonecase (308) are in the consumers possession at the same time.

The reader will appreciate that the DTC may be configured in a number ofdifferent ways, and there is a range of possible DTC embodiments from aDTC having minimal (or limited) functionality/connectivity but will beless expensive to produce and less prone to failure, to a DTC havingmaximum functionality and including features that assist userinteraction and will therefore be considered more “user friendly” butwill be more expensive to produce and will be more likely prone tofailure. FIG. 3D provides diagrammatic representations of four DTCswhich have a credit card profile whereby each includes an EMV device(310) and an optional printed identification (312), which in theembodiment shown is the card owner’s name, and whose features offunctionality/connectivity represent significant differences in userexperience with respect to digital transactions.

For example, the uppermost DTC (314) that is depicted in FIG. 3Drepresents a card having minimal functionality/connectivity and includesan EMV device (310) that is either firmware-modified software-enhancedto enable NFC wireless connectivity between the EMV device and a DAD(302) and to change the personality of the DTC (314), but excludes anexternal DTC processor (referred to as an MCU), Bluetooth connectivityand any form of display or scroll/enter keys. In one particularembodiment, DTC (314) that is configured with minimalfunctionality/connectivity can be issued to a user such that the EMVdevice (310) has pre-loaded multiple personalities. More commonly, afterthe DTC (314) is delivered to the user, the DAD (302) may be used totransfer one of multiple personalities onto the EMV device (310) or anumber of personalities for simultaneous storage by the EMV device(310).

The second DTC (316) that is depicted also represents a card havingminimal functionality/connectivity including an EMV device (310) that iseither firmware-modified or software enhanced to enable wirelessconnectivity between the EMV device and a DAD (302), such as Bluetoothand/or NFC, to change the personality of the DTC (316). The DTC (316)also includes an MCU (not shown in FIG. 3D). A DTC (316) that isconfigured with relatively minimal functionality/connectivity butincluding an MCU can be issued to a user with the EMV device (310)having access to data performing to multiple personalities.Alternatively, after the DTC (316) is delivered to the user, the DAD(302) may be used to transfer one of multiple personalities onto the EMVdevice (310) or a number of personalities for simultaneous storage bythe EMV device (310).

The third DTC (318) that is depicted in FIG. 3D represents a mediumfunctionality/connectivity card including an EMV device (310) that iseither firmware-modified or software enhanced to enable wirelessconnectivity between the EMV device (310) and a DAD (302), such asBluetooth and/or NFC, and to change the personality of the DTC (318).The DTC (318) also includes a display (320) which may be in the form ofa simplified 4-digit alphanumeric interface for displaying information,including but not limited to, the selected personality loaded (orpreviously stored) on the card, a unique ID or abbreviation of theselected personality, an expiry date for the document, a temporary PINnumber, a PAN number or part thereof, and/or a name of the card owner. ADTC (318) that is configured with mid-range functionality/connectivitycan be issued to a user such that the EMV device (310) has access todata pertaining to multiple personalities. Alternatively, after the DTC(318) is delivered to the user, the DAD (302) may be used to transferone of multiple personalities onto the EMV device (310), or a number ofpersonalities for simultaneous storage by the EMV device (310).

The fourth DTC (322) that is depicted in FIG. 3D represents a cardhaving a high level of functionality/connectivity and includes an EMVdevice (310) that is either firmware-modified or software-enhanced toenable NFC or Bluetooth wireless connectivity between the EMV device(310) and a DAD (302) and to transfer multiple personalities onto theEMV device (310) after delivery of the card. The DTC (322) also includesa more comprehensive display (324) and scroll/enter keys (326) whichenable user input, including input effecting selection of a storedpersonality. The skilled addressee will appreciate that the inclusion ofa user interface on the card enables the DTC (322) to be used even whena DAD (302) such as a user’s smartphone is not present, for example, ifthe DAD is not being carried by the user or has a discharged battery.

As previously described, whilst it is possible to implement embodimentswith hardware and firmware that is adapted to enable a DTC comprising aDTPU to adopt one of many available personalities, it is preferable toachieve the results with an existing, certified DTPU, such as a devicecertified in accordance with the EMVCo specifications, without requiringany alteration to the DTPU or any essential operating firmware. As willbe appreciated by skilled readers, avoiding the requirement to certify anewly developed DTPU has the benefit of avoiding a substantial costassociated with the certification process and avoids the substantialdelay also associated with such a process.

Devices such as EMV devices operating with an operating system such asthe MULTOS or JavaCard systems allow the secure execution of applicationsoftware that is installed within the EMV subsystem. EMV subsystems areconsidered sufficiently secure to allow third party software to beinstalled and operated within the EMV subsystem subsequent to reissuanceof an EMV device since the operating system will prevent anyinappropriate alteration of the EMV device secure memory.

Accordingly, by installing application software in the EMV system thatoperates to receive commands that are already available and definedaccording to the current EMV subsystem, additional functionality beyondthat provided by standard DTCs can be achieved. In the embodiment(s)described in FIG. 4 onwards, the DTPU is implemented in the form of asoftware-enhanced EMV device.

Also depicted in FIGS. 4A and 4B, is a Global Platform API (414) and aGlobal Platform Card Manager (416). The Global Platform Standard (GPS)is a standard that enables an open and interoperable infrastructure forsmart cards, devices and systems that simplifies development, deploymentand management of computer instruction code and the functionalityprovided by same. The GPS specification has been adopted by most bankinginstitutions for loading of cryptographic data onto smart cards. Thestandard establishes mechanisms and policies that enable secure channelcommunication with credentials. Further, the specification represents astandard for managing the infrastructure of a smart card. Management, inthis regard, includes installation, removal of applications andadditional management tasks to be effected for a card. The primaryauthority for management of card data is the card issuer who generallyhas full control of the card contents but may grant other institutionsaccess to administer their own software applications. Management isgenerally achieved by applying cryptographic protocols whichauthenticate and encipher the relevant processes.

The Global Platform API (414) provides an interface to the functionalityprovided by the Global Platform Standard and in the embodiment depictedin FIGS. 4A and 4B, the Global Platform API is used to load, configureand select different card personalities for the DTC (400) to effectdigital transactions in accordance with that particular selectedpersonality. The Global Platform API (414) is defined as part of theGlobal Platform Card specification. The Global Platform Card Manager(416) is the central controlling entity in the DTC (400). It includesthree separate entities, namely, the Global Platform environment, theissuer’s security domain and the card holder verification methodservices.

The DTC (400) also includes a DTC external processor (424) which effectsfunctions on the DTC (400). In particular, the DTC external processor(424) depicted as a microcontroller unit (MCU), which communicates withthe EMV device and this communication arrangement enables the DTCexternal processor (424), in accordance with commands received by theDAD (426), to update the digital transaction document personalities andthe applications residing within the EMV device.

The EMV device operating system (428) is hardware specific firmware thatprovides the basic functionality for the EMV device such as secureaccess to on-card memory storage, authentication and encryption. Theoperating system (428) includes a sequence of instruction code thatresides in non-volatile memory in the EMV device.

With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a DTC (400) is depicted according totwo embodiments and the individual components of the EMV device withinthe DTC (400) have been expanded and appear above the DTC (400).

The EMV device of the DTC (400) in FIG. 4A includes a single-personalityapplet (401) whilst the EMV device of the DTC (400) in FIG. 4B includesa number of applets (402, 404, 406, 408, 410 and 412).

In the example of FIG. 4A, the applet (401) contains data and/orinstructions defining a single digital transaction document(personality) and is an applet that has been received and installed bythe EMV device. A plurality of single-personality applets may be storedeither in a personality section (secure holding position) on the EMVdevice that may be created at the time of initialisation of the EMVdevice, or in a secure location of an external processor (424)associated with the DTC (400) which is depicted in some Figures as amicrocontroller unit (MCU). In the example depicted in FIG. 4A, thesingle-personality applet (401) that has been selected and installedonto the EMV device defines a Visa Card personality (401). By ensuringthat there is only one stored applet on the EMV device, only onepersonality is available to be adopted by the DTC (400) and read by adigital network transaction device. Accordingly, by assuming thatapplets safely define a single personality, there is no requirement toaccommodate a plurality of concurrently stored applets on the EMVdevice.

When multiple single-personality applets are stored in the MCU, GlobalPlatform Standard (GPS) command(s) are sent to the EMV device, forexample from a DAD (426) or the MCU, to install the relevantsingle-personality applet (401) onto the EMV device along with theappropriate command(s) to overwrite any previously installed applet thuschanging the personality of the DTC to the personality associated withthe applet (401). In this embodiment, the applet could be stored in theMCU secure memory, i.e. secured by hardware (secure element) or securedby software (encryption). The EMV contact plate (not shown in FIG. 4 )shall also be secured during any transaction between the EMV device andthe MCU to ensure third parties are unable to “listen in” (man in themiddle attacks) or inject commands.

When the multiple single-personality applets are stored in a personalitysection of the EMV device, GPS command(s) are sent to the EMV device,for example from a DAD (426) or the MCU, to transfer the relevantsingle-personality applet (401) from the secure element of the EMVdevice and install same thus effecting change to the personality of theDTC to the personality associated with the installed applet (401). Inyet another embodiment, the multiple single-personality applets arestored in a DAD (426) and individual applets along with commands aretransferred to the MCU (424) of the DTC for subsequent transmission tothe EMV device.

The commands sent from the DTC external processor to the EMV device maybe a set of commands that obscure the GPS commands such as “make card 2primary”, whereby the external DTC processor sends “make card 2 primary”to the EMV device, and the EMV device executes the command by decodingthe command and obtaining the GPS commands that will have the effect ofmaking the DTC adopt the personality of card 2.

Each single-personality applet (401) that is stored for subsequentselection and transfer to the EMV device has an associated encryptionkey (413) used to decrypt the contents of the applet defining theindividual personality thus allowing access and/or amendment toparameters pertaining to the individual personality. The function ofkeys is described in more detail below with respect to the embodiment ofFIG. 4B.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, in order to change the DTC personality,the Applet that contains the personality in the EMV device may bereplaced with a newly selected Applet for installation (overwriting theexisting Applet). Alternatively, the Applet that contains the activepersonality may be deleted and a newly selected Applet installed on theEMV device such that the personality contained in the newly selectedApplet will become the personality of the DTC.

If there is a preference to concurrently store applets containing one ormore personalities in the EMV device, a single applet of the pluralityof applets will need to be activated, or made primary, in order toensure that only one particular personality defined by an applet is readby a network digital transaction device. The reader will appreciate thatFIG. 4B depicts an EMV device that concurrently stores a plurality ofmultiple-personality applets (404, 406, 408, 410 and 412) in the EMVdevice of FIG. 4B.

In the example of FIG. 4B, the applets (404, 406, 408, 410 and 412) maycontain data defining one or more digital transaction documents, forexample, as depicted in FIG. 4B, there is an applet defining aMasterCard account (404), an applet defining two “other cardpersonalities” (406), an applet defining a loyalty card personality(408), an applet defining two separate Visa card personalities (410) andavailable space for a further applet that may define one or moreadditional personalities (412). The applet (402) is a system appletwhich is installed prior to issuance of the DTC. In the embodiment ofFIG. 4B, the system applet is a modified Payment Proximity SystemEnvironment (PPSE) applet which is installed prior to issuance of theEMV device by an authorised issuing entity. The PPSE applet determinesthe system environment that the EMV device operates within and anenhanced version of the PPSE applet is installed at the time of issuanceof the DTC that allows the EMV device to store more than one personalityat a time.

All of the applets (402, 404, 406, 408 and 410) reside within the securememory of the EMV device of the DTC (400) and in the embodiment depictedin FIG. 4B, the applets are implemented with Java code and contain thenecessary data and/or Java code instructions to define the one or morepersonalities for a particular payment Card Association Scheme.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4B, because the applets containing multiplepersonalities are stored concurrently on the EMV device, the EMV deviceof the DTC (400) also contains a “secure vault” (430) of cryptographickeys wherein each key is specific to each applet. The keys (430 a to 430e) are used to decrypt the contents of individual personalities withinan applet to access and/or amend parameters pertaining to the individualpersonality. The installation and storage of multiple appletssimultaneously on an EMV device causes the potential for a digitaltransaction device to adopt a personality other than the intendedpersonality of the DTC at any one time. Accordingly, in an embodiment,operational parameters of the multiple personalities are accessed andamended to ensure that only a single personality can be recognised bytransaction devices. Once the data pertaining to an individualpersonality stored in an applet is decrypted, it is possible to amendparameters such as the order of the personality within the EMV device,whether the personality is active or inactive, whether the personalityis primary or secondary, or any of the operational parameters thataffect the processing of a digital transaction such as expiry date, CVV,CVV2 and/or the PAN of the personality. The actions available once apersonality is decrypted with its associated key (430 a to 430 e),comprise full administration rights to effect a change to anyoperational parameter.

In an embodiment, two or more sets of keys may be jointly issued to theDTC for each personality, including for example a first set of keys (430a to 430 e) as shown in FIG. 4 , for which full administration rightsare available, and a second (or subset) of keys (not shown) for whichlimited administration rights are available. In an embodiment, thelimited administration rights available in respect of the second set (orsubset) of keys only allow amendment to the status of the personalityand amendment of a restricted set of operational parameters that areused during a digital transaction. The status of a personality includesthe order of the personality within the EMV device, whether thepersonality is active or inactive, whether the personality is primary orsecondary or any other parameter that is not used during a transaction.

The second set of limited administration keys (not shown) may be storedin the microcontroller unit (MCU) shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 6C and8A to 8F and described further below, or stored within the EMV device,such as in one or more of the available spaces for an applet (412)depicted in FIG. 4B. An applet which stores the second set of keys isreferred to herein as a Key Management Applet, and such an applet may beinstalled at the time of initialization of the Digital Transaction Card(DTC). It is possible to store the limited administration keys withinanother device such as the DAD, however, any transfer of the limitedadministration keys to the EMV device would necessarily require thetransmission to be within a secure session.

With reference to FIGS. 8A to 8F, if keys are stored in the MCU (802), acontact plate associated with the EMV device, such as the externalcontact plate (804), and described further below, must be isolated sothat no-one can “listen in” (man in the middle attacks) when commandsare sent from the MCU (802) to the EMV device to monitor thecommunications, or to inject commands to alter the intended purpose ofthe transmitted commands.

Referring again to FIG. 4B, if the subset of limited administration keysare stored within the EMV device, such as a Key Management Applet inavailable space (412), the MCU to EMV security requirements may bereduced since commands from the MCU to the EMV device are protected bythe encapsulation of the DTC and as such, may be encoded (for example,make card 3 primary), and any Global platform commands used to effect anew personality remain internal within the EMV device. For example, ifthe MCU (424) contains a known numbering of personalities and sends acommand “make card 3 primary”, the EMV device can issue commandsinternally to effect the required action, including Global Platformcommands, to (1) make all cards inactive, (2) change the order of cardsto make card 3 primary, and/or (3) make card 3 active. For example, ifthere are six possible personalities stored within the EMV device, sixsets of commands may be issued to the relevant applet(s) that store datadefining the personalities to deactivate and activate personalities asrequired.

In an embodiment where the MCU to EMV link is secure, encrypted commandsare issued from the MCU to the EMV device but continue to invokemultiple Global Platform commands within the EMV device once the commandfrom the MCU is decrypted by the EMV device. This arrangement reducesthe quantity and complexity of encrypting and decrypting tasks to effectfunctions, which in turn, also reduces the overall power usage of theDTC and the time required to effect an action such as a request tochange the personality of the DTC.

In this regard, the MCU sends formatted messages to the System I/O ofthe EMV device and the Operating System and Java Runtime Environmentdirect the message to the appropriate applet. In this embodiment, theMCU emulates an EFTPOS and/or ATM network transaction terminalinternally on the DTC to effect communications confirming with commandsrecognised by the EMC device. Whilst the EMV device will receive andexecute recognised GPS commands, there is no single command that willensure that the correct personality is recognised by all networktransaction devices. In this regard, network terminals software caninterpret the personality stored on a physical card containing multiplepersonalities in different ways and may not always adopt the personalitymarked with the “primary “status. Accordingly, to ensure that a terminalproperly interprets and adopts only one of a number of personalitiesstored in the EMV device, only the desired personality should be markedas active and primary, all other personalities should have a status of“inactive”. Therefore, according to this embodiment, a number of GPScommands that are usually only used by an entity authorised to issuecards are issued to the EMV device to amend the status of each and everypersonality stored on the EMV device to ensure that the user selectedpersonality is recognised by any network terminal device in which theDTC may be used to effect a transaction.

FIG. 5A depicts a DTC subdivided into four separate layers, namely,commands (500), protocols (502), a Message Exchange Layer (504) and aphysical (electrical) layer (506). A mobile device (508) is alsoillustrated in FIG. 5A that communicates data and commands to the DTCvia a wireless protocol such as NFC or Bluetooth where those commandsand data are received by a transceiver (509). The transceiver (509)converts wireless signals transmitted from the mobile device (508) tosignals for reception by a communications module (510) embodied withinan Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The communicationsmodule (510) subsequently transfers commands and data decoded from thetransmission of the mobile device (508) to the MCU (512) and interpretsthose commands and data. In an embodiment, the proprietary commandstransmitted from the mobile device (508) to the DTC by way of thetransceiver (509) and ultimately passed through to the MCU (512), areencrypted to protect the data and security of the DTC.

According to the protocol layer (502), the MCU (512) communicatesaccording to established protocols with the EMV device (514). In theembodiment of FIG. 5A, the MCU (512) uses a subset of the GlobalPlatform Standard commands that are usually only used by authorisedentities who issue credit cards with EMV devices. The subset of commandsis issued to the EMV device (514) as required according to the functionrequested by the mobile device (508). Application Protocol Data Units(APDUs) are used to communicate with the EMV device (514) and the APDUsare also defined in the Global Platform Standard. In order to effect achange of card personality of the DTC, the MCU (512) communicates withthe EMV device (514) using the subset Global Platform Standard.

With reference to the message exchange layer (504), this layercommunicates messages between either a merchant terminal and the EMVdevice (514) or the MCU (512) and the EMV device (514). The messages forthis communication are APDUs. There are two primary categories forAPDUs, namely, command APDUs and response APDUs. Effectively, APDUcommands are the messaging protocol for communicating with an EMV device(514). The message exchange layer (504) also depicts the externalcontacts (516) of an EMV device (514). Further, the message exchangelayer (504) also depicts an arbitration device (518) which arbitratescommunication between the MCU (195) and the EMV device (514) oralternatively, communication that may occur between the EMV contacts(516) and the EMV device (514). As will be appreciated by skilledreaders, communication between the EMV device contacts (516) and the EMVdevice (514) will occur when the DTC is used in a merchant terminal a“dipping mode” wherein the DTC is inserted into the merchant terminaland contacts within the merchant terminal directly engage with the EMVcontacts (516). In this instance, communication between the EMV contacts(516) and the EMV device (514) must be effected without any interferencein the communication attempted by another device such as the MCU (512).However, in instances where communication between the MCU (512) and theEMV device (514) is required, the arbitration device (518) effectivelydisconnects the communication path between the EMV contacts (516) andthe EMV device (514) such that communication may be effected between theMCU (512) and the EMV device (514) without interference from any devicemaking contact with the EMV contacts (516). As depicted in FIG. 5A,communication between the MCU (512) and the EMV contacts (516) and theEMV device (514) is effected by APDUs in the embodiment of FIG. 5A. AnAPDU contains a mandatory four byte header defining the command and fromzero to sixty four kb of data. A response APDU may be sent by the EMVdevice (514) back to a merchant terminal or the MCU (512) and containsfrom zero to 64 kilobytes of data and two mandatory status bytes.

With reference to the physical (electrical) layer (506), variousadditional components of the DTC are depicted including a dynamicmagnetic stripe module (520), a display driver (522) and a correspondingdisplay screen (524), a battery (526) and a crystal (528) that providesan oscillator that is used to determine the clock signal for all of theelectronic devices on the DTC.

Also depicted in FIG. 5A is a diagrammatic representation of the rearside of a DTC (530) including a dynamic magnetic stripe (532).

Additional elements are also depicted in the physical (electrical) layer(506) including an EMV device antenna (534), an NFC antenna (536)connected to the communications module (510) and a Bluetooth antenna(538) also connected to the communication module (510).

With reference to FIG. 5B, the same abstract layers as depicted in FIG.5A are illustrated in FIG. 5B although the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5B is an embodiment including DTC scroll/enter keys (540) that auser operates to effect functions including changes to the DTCpersonality. In a preferred embodiment, the DTC scroll/enter keys (540)includes touch sensitive buttons that may be activated by simplytouching a button or pad on the DTC and maybe used to scroll throughvarious options including available DTC personalities, and may also beused to power the DTC on or off.

With reference to FIG. 5C, an enlarged version of the Physical(Electrical) Layer (506) of FIGS. 5A and 5B is detailed for the purposeof more clearly illustrating the individual elements of the Physical(Electrical) Layer.

FIG. 6A details the data flow between devices as a result of theissuance of a command from a user’s mobile device and receipt of datafrom the DTC to the user’s mobile device. In particular, FIG. 6Aprovides a diagrammatic representation of a DTC according to anembodiment of the invention and is effectively a repetition of thediagrammatic representation of FIG. 5C with the addition of a mobiledevice (600). Overlaid on the diagrammatic representation is a series ofarrowed line segments depicting the flow of data as it occurs to, andfrom, the mobile device (600) and individual elements contained withinthe DTC as depicted in FIG. 5C.

With reference to FIG. 6A, in the instance of a user issuing a commandfrom their mobile device (600) to the DTC, the command and/or dataassociated with same, is communicated along data flow 602 and in theexample depicted in FIG. 6A, is communicated wirelessly to the DTCeither by NFC or Bluetooth wireless capability. The DTC receives thecommand issued by the mobile device (600) and indicated by the data flow(602) and receives the command and/or data as depicted by data flow(604) at the communications module (606). The communications module(606) having converted the command and/or data received (604), passes asignal to the MCU (608) along data flow path 610 for processing by theMCU (608).

In the event that the data received by the MCU (608) depicted by dataflow (610) represents a command requiring the MCU (608) to communicatewith the EMV device (612), then the MCU (608) transmits a signal to thearbitration device (614) depicted by data flow (616) to activate thearbitration device (614) to isolate the normal connection between theEMV device contacts and the EMV device (612). Further, in addition toisolating the normal communication between the EMV device contacts andthe EMV device (612), the arbitration device (614) activates connectionbetween the MCU (608) and the EMV device (612).

Once the arbitration device (614) has been activated to enablecommunication between the MCU (608) and the EMV device (612), the MCU(608) transfers data as depicted by data flow (618) to the EMV device(612). In the instance of the command issued by the mobile device (600)to effect a change in personality of the DTC, the EMV device (612) uponreceiving and altering the EMV device (612) personality, in accordancewith data provided as depicted by data flow (618), the EMV device (612)provides a return signal as depicted by data flow (620) to the MCU (608)confirming that the change in personality of the EMV device (612) hasbeen effected. Once required communication between the EMV device (612)and the MCU (608) has been completed, the arbitration device (614) mayrestore communication between the EMV device (612) and the EMV devicecontacts.

At this point in time, the MCU (608) transmits a further signal to thearbitration device (614) to restore the normal communication between theEMV device contacts and the EMV device (612) and at the same timeisolating the communication path between the MCU (608) and the EMVdevice (612). This signal is depicted in FIG. 6A as the data flow (622).

At this stage, the MCU (608) generates and transmits a signal to thecommunications module (606) as depicted by data flow (624), said signalbeing a signal confirming the alteration of the EMV device (612)personality according to the instruction initiated at the user’s mobiledevice (600). The communications module (606) upon receiving the signal(624) converts the signal for wireless transmission to the mobile device(600), the wireless signal depicted as data flow (626).

The user’s mobile device (600) receives the wirelessly transmittedsignal (626) and upon conversion of that wireless signal, the user’smobile device (600) internally processes the signal (626) and provides avisual indication to the user on the user interface of the mobile device(600) confirming the requested change in personality of the EMV device(612) and that the DTC will now operate according to the personality ofthe card requested by the user. FIG. 6A further depicts data flow (628)and (630) from the MCU (608) to each of the dynamic magnetic stripe(632) and display (634) respectively for the purpose of conforming theparameters of the dynamic magnetic stripe with those that define theuser selected personality and to display information relevant to theselected personality such as, for example, a default name for theselected personality (e.g. VISA, MasterCard, AMEX etc.) or a userdefined name for the selected personality (e.g. Personal Account card,Business Account Card etc.).

With reference to FIG. 6B, a data flow is illustrated as for FIG. 6Aalthough, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 6B, the request to select aparticular DTC personality is effected by operation of the DTCscroll/enter keys (636), the signal from the scroll/enter keys (636) tothe MCU (608) depicted as data flow (638). Of course, as will berecognised by skilled readers, a particular advantage of the embodimentdepicted in FIG. 6B, wherein the DTC comprises DTC scroll/enter keys(636) to effect a change in DTC personality, it is not necessary to havea smart phone (600) in close proximity nor wireless communicationcapabilities such as NFC or Bluetooth on either the smart phone (600) orthe DTC.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment of a Digital Transaction Card(DTC) (700) including a DTPU in the form of an EMV device (702)complying with one or more EMVCo specifications, the EMV or EMVCospecified device constructed so as to allow for some functions to beexternally (or remotely) controlled by a Data Assistance Device (DAD)(703) during emulation. The DTC (700) also includes EMV contacts (704)on the surface of the DTC for contact with a digital transaction device,such as a EFTPOS or POS terminal, which allows for insertion of the DTC(700) into a slot presently used for digital transaction documents suchas credit cards and debit cards.

The DTC (700) may also include a user interface in the form of a displayscreen (706) controlled by a corresponding display driver (708), andscroll/enter keys (710). The display (706) may display simplealphanumeric information, such as card numbers (or unique IDs for othertypes of digital transaction documents), error messages and the like.The display (706) could also be an electronic paper display, forexample, an E-ink display, as such displays do not require power toretain a display of information.

The DTC (700) further includes a communication module including acommunication antenna (712). The communication module and communicationantenna (712) are used for communications with the DAD (703) during alinking process, and for communicating with the DAD (703) while linkedso that the DAD can externally control applications and/or programsrunning on the DTC (700) during emulation. It will be appreciated by askilled person that the communications means and communicationsprotocols for linking between the DTC (700) and the DAD (703) may be thesame as those used for emulation control of the DTC (700) by the DAD(703) via the applications and/or programs running on the DTC. In otherembodiments, it is possible that the communication means and protocolfor linking the DTC (700) with the DAD (703) may be different from thecommunication means and protocols used for control of the DTCapplications and/or programs by the DAD (703) during emulation.

The DTC (700) also includes a battery (714) which is used for poweringthe operations of an external processor (716), which in the embodimentshown is an MCU, and other components on the DTC such as thecommunications module and antenna (712), the display (706), and thedisplay driver (708). In some embodiments, rather than having a battery,it is possible to have a capacitor or some other energy storage device.In yet other embodiments, the power supply could be provided by acombination of a battery and a capacitor, and could be a rechargeablebattery.

The DTC external processor (e.g. MCU) (716) operates with firmware whichmay be stored in a separate memory and accessed by the MCU (716) whenthe DTC (700) is operated. The firmware may be the same firmware thatoperates on the EMV device (702), or could be a different firmware withat least some compatibility.

The firmware on the DTC (700) controls operation of various componentssuch as the communication module (712), the display driver (708), andmay also control various functions of the EMV device (702).

The DTC (700) also includes an NFC antenna (718) connected to thecommunications module (712) and a Bluetooth antenna (720) also connectedto the communication module (712), used for contactless or swiping cardtransactions, such as Tap and Go, Pay Pass and other similartransactions using transaction cards and terminals where the card doesnot need to be inserted into a slot in the terminal. In otherembodiments, the DAD (e.g. smartphone) may be provided with acommunication means such as Near Field Communication (NFC) or Bluetooth.If so, then it would be possible to communicate between the DAD and DTCusing the NFC antenna (718) and the Bluetooth antenna (720). However, itwill be appreciated by the skilled person that if the DAD (e.g.smartphone) is not so equipped, then, instead of an NFC and/or Bluetoothantenna, a two-way communication device may be required in the DTC. Inthis regard, the communication module may also be suitable for two-waycommunication, rather than being a “passive” device.

The scroll/enter keys (710) may be used to switch on and switch off theDTC (700), respectively, before and after a digital transaction. In someembodiments, the scroll/enter keys (710) may also be a control foractivating the DTC (700), so as to enable the EMV device (702) to readdata from a secure element or secure record memory such that the EMVdevice (702), and therefore the DTC (700), exhibit the personality of aselected digital transaction document.

The DTC (700) may also include one or more programs or applications,which could be stored in DTC memory along with the aforementionedfirmware. The applications and/or programs can be controlled by the DAD(703), which when linked with the DTC (700), externally controls theapplications and/or programs to operate on the DTC (700). Theapplication and/or programs running on the DTC (700) and controlled bythe DAD (703) can be used for operating, for example, digitaltransactions with a digital transaction device, such as an EFTPOSterminal, a POS terminal, or an ATM.

Additionally, the DTC external processor (e.g. MCU (716)) is connectedvia electrodes to the CPU associated with the EMV device (702), whereinthose electrode connections mimic the electrode connections between theCPU associated with the EMV device (702) and the external (surface)electrodes (704) of the DTC (700). The mimicked connections enableemulation of one or more functions of a digital transaction device (e.g.POS or EFTPOS or ATM terminal) on the card, the emulation controlled andmonitored using the DAD (703).

In the embodiment shown, the smartphone (703) includes a touch screen(722) which allows a user to operate functions on the smartphone (703)by swiping or tapping the screen (722). The smartphone (703) alsoincludes buttons (724), which may be soft buttons displayed at thebottom of the screen (as exemplified in FIG. 7 ) and operated by tappingand/or swiping, or could be physical buttons operated by pressing.

The smartphone screen (722) may be divided into two areas and in thisexample, first area (726) displays information relevant to the controlof the DTC (700) by the DAD (703) during emulation. The informationshown in screen section (726) may include state information of the DTC,data on the DTC, transaction information from the DTC, and may includeinformation regarding operation of one or more applications and/orprograms running on the DTC (700) and controlled by the DAD (703).

A second screen area (728) may be used to display a soft keyboard orsoft keypad for operation via the touch screen on the DAD (703), and forentering information and for controlling operation of the one or moreprograms and/or applications running on the DTC (700). In someembodiments, the screen area could display an image (or representativeimage) of the digital transaction device being used during the digitaltransaction. The image (or representative image) may be an active image,wherein keys depicted in the image can be operational via the touchscreen, and wherein the operation of the keys is one example ofemulation in accordance with the present invention. It will beappreciated that, in embodiments, it is possible to display one imageselected from images of many different types of digital transactiondevices during a transaction, such as POS or EFTPOS terminals, ATMs andother types of transaction devices. The keypad can be operated by a userto control the DTC, for example, to enable a digital transaction withsuch digital transaction devices. It is to be understood that theinformation described above as being displayed in a second screen area(728) could equally well be displayed in the first screen area and thereis no requirement that there be more than one screen area.

The DTC (700) and DAD (703) are shown as being linked by the lightningbolt symbol (730). While linked, the DAD (703) is able to controloperation of the DTC (700), via control of the applications and/orprograms running on the DTC (700), but may also have control of othercomponents or other operations of the DTC (700), apart from controllingthe applications and/or programs.

The DAD (e.g. smartphone) (703) after securely connecting to the DTC(700) sends a code to the MCU (716) that activates a remote accessconnection which allows applications and/or programs to be run locallyon the DTC (700), whilst graphical (keyboard and screen) information isdisplayed on the smartphone (703).

During this remote access connection, data from the connected smartphone(703) can be uploaded to the card (700) via one or more of the followingexemplary methods:

-   key combination;-   links within one of the applications and/or programs running on the    DTC (700), controlled by the DAD (703); and-   one of the applications and/or programs configures a link between a    secure element (or storage area, for example, a Logical Digital    Transaction Document Packet (LDTDP) storage area) on the smartphone    (703) to the DTC secure element, and transfers data between the two    locations - this method being a type of point-to-point secure    connection between the two memory areas on the DAD (703) and the DTC    (700).

In embodiments, the DTC external processor (e.g. MCU) is typicallyactivated only after securely identifying itself to the linkedsmartphone. The external processor on the DTC controls the reading andre-reading of the DTPU, and updating of the DTPU to express newpersonalities of different transaction documents.

With reference to FIGS. 8A to 8F, various embodiments are described foreffecting operable communication between an EMV device (800) and a MCU(802) and an EMV device (800). In particular, FIGS. 8A to 8F inclusiveprovide additional detail, as compared with previous figures, regardingthe connections between an external contact plate (804) that is providedto effect communication between transaction devices (such as EPTPOSterminals and ATM machines) and the EMV device (800) and theconnection(s) between the external contact plate (804) and the internalcontact plate (806) that is presently included in most, if not all,digital transaction cards that include an EMV device.

In this regard, the provision of an external contact plate (804) and aninternal contact plate (806) is an artefact of the manufacturing processfor digital transaction cards that include an EMV device (800). Inembodiments of the present invention that include both an externalcontact plate (804) and an internal contact plate (806), the opportunityexists to route electrical connections between the external contactplate (804) and the internal contact plate (806) in an arrangement otherthan a direct one to one connection between corresponding electrodes ofthe external contact plate (804) and the internal contact plate (806).

With specific reference to FIG. 8A, an embodiment is diagrammaticallydepicted in which the electrical connections accessible to digitaltransaction devices by way of the external contact plate (804) areconnected to an arbitration device (807) and depending upon the state ofthe arbitration device (807), individual electrodes of the externalcontact plate (804) may be electrically connected by the arbitrationdevice (807) to their counterpart electrodes of the internal contactplate (806).

In order to provide a direct connection between counterpart electrodesof the external contact plates (804) and the internal contact plates(806), the arbitration device (807) operates to connect electrodesidentified as GND (808), Vcc (810), RST (812), CLK (814), I/O (816) andthe blank terminal (818) such that all are connected respectively totheir counterpart connection of the internal contact plate (806) suchthat the aforementioned electrodes of the external contact plates (804)would be connected respectively to GND (820), Vcc (822), RST (824), CLK(826), I/O (828) and blank terminal (830).

Accordingly, when in an appropriate state, the arbitration device (807)would operate to connect the individual electrodes of the externalcontact plate (804) directly to their counterpart terminal of theinternal contact plate (806) which in turn are connected to theappropriate connection points of the EMV device (800) to enable the EMVDevice (800) to operate with digital transaction devices. In thisconfiguration, the EMV device (800) would operate normally with digitaltransaction devices interfacing with individual electrodes of theexternal contact plate (804) and any electrical signals applied to anyone of the external contact plate (804) electrodes, namely, GND (808),Vcc (810), RST (812), CLK (814), I/O (816) and blank terminal (818)would pass through the external contact plate (804) electrode throughthe arbitration device (807) and pass directly to the counterpartelectrode of the internal contact plate (806) namely, GND (820), Vcc(822), RST (824), CLK (826), I/O (828) and blank terminal (830).

However, in instances where communication between an MCU (802) and theEMV device (800) is required, the arbitration device (807) adopts analternative state and connects the data and control signal lines of theMCU (802) through the arbitration device (807) to the individualelectrodes of the internal contact plate (806) which in turn areconnected to the appropriate I/O and control lines of the EMV device(800). Accordingly, the arbitration device (807) in the embodimentgraphically represented in FIG. 8A acts as a collection of single poledouble throw switches to either connect the MCU (802) to the electrodesof the internal contact plate (806) and thus the relevant connectionswith the EMV device (800) or alternatively, when switched to itsalternate mode, the arbitration device (807) disconnects any connectionbetween the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800) and connects the externalcontact plate (804) electrodes to the counterpart electrodes of theinternal contact plates (806) which in turn are connected to theappropriate connections of the EMV device (800).

Operationally, when implementing the embodiment depicted in FIG. 8A, anycommunication between the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800) would needto occur at a time that the user of the digital transaction card did notrequire, or attempt, a transaction with a digital transaction devicesuch that signals were applied to the electrodes of the external contactplate (804). Of course, in the event that a digital transaction waseither prevented, or terminated, as a result of the arbitration device(807) switching to an alternate state such that connection between theexternal contact plate (804) electrodes and the relevant connectionpoints of the EMV device (800) were no longer present, the digitaltransaction would likely terminate and would fail to execute. Whilstsuch an outcome may be acceptable to a financial institution with whichthe user was attempting to conduct a digital transaction, it is unlikelythat users would consider such an interruption acceptable and it ispreferable that the arbitration device (807) were unable to interruptcommunications with a digital transaction device that is communicatingwith the EMV device (800). Further, any potential interruption to dataflow in the “transaction path” of devices can lead to a requirement forthe device, or component, to require re-certification. As previouslydescribed, the process of re-certification of a component for operationin an electronic digital transaction network can be time consuming andexpensive and is preferably avoided.

With reference to FIG. 8B, an alternative to the embodiment depicted inFIG. 8B is diagrammatically represented in which the arbitration device(807) solely controls the connection of the MCU (802) with relevantelectrodes of the internal contact plates (806) and thus relevant signalconnection points of the EMV device (800). In this particularembodiment, the external contact plate (804) electrodes remain directlyconnected to their counterpart electrodes of the internal contact plate(806) at all times and remain connected irrespective of the state of thearbitration device (807). In this particular embodiment, the arbitrationdevice (807) acts as a series of single pole single throw switches sinceit is only operable to connect single lines from the MCU (802) toelectrodes of the internal contact plate (806) and thus signalconnection points of the EMV device (800). Of course, in the instance ofthe embodiment of FIG. 8B, it is necessary to consider the possibilityof electrical signals being applied to the electrodes of the externalcontact plate (804) during periods in which the arbitration device (807)has connected the MCU (802) to the EMV device (800). It will beunderstood by skilled readers that it is possible to employ varioushardware configurations to ensure that electrical signals that couldpotentially damage a device are prevented from reaching the device. Inan embodiment, appropriate hardware elements are employed to divertinappropriate signal energy applied to electrodes of the externalcontact plate such that they are prevented from transmission to the EMVdevice (800) and the arbitration device (807) or the MCU (802). Anadditional issue to consider is the potential for communications betweenthe MCU (802) and the EMV device (800) to be monitored, and/orinterfered with, as a result of connecting a device to the externalcontrol plate (804) and in this instance, it is expected thatembodiments configured in accordance with the arrangement depicted inFIG. 8A would encrypt (832) any communications between the MCU (802) andthe EMV device (800) to thwart any attempt to monitor, or interferewith, such communications by accessing the signals passing between theMCU (802) and the EMV device (800) from the external contact plate (804)electrodes.

With reference to FIG. 8C, an alternative arrangement is depictedregarding electrical connection of the MCU (802) and the EMV device(800) wherein the arbitration device (807) connects and /or disconnectsselective electrodes of the external contact plate (804) with theinternal contact plate (806). As depicted in FIG. 8C, the electrodes GND(808), and RST (812) are connected to the arbitration device (807) andthe arbitration device (807) is operable to connect those electrodes ofthe external contact plate (804) with their counterpart electrodes inthe internal contact plate (806), namely, GND (820) and RST (824).Accordingly, the electrodes that are not connected to the arbitrationdevice (807) of the external contact plate (804) include electrodes Vcc(810), CLK (812) and I/O (816). These particular electrodes are directlyconnected to their counterpart electrodes in the internal contact plates(806), namely, Vcc (822), CLK (826) and I/O (828) and remain connectedat all times.

Similarly, in the embodiment of FIG. 8C, only selected electricalconnection points of the MCU (802) are connected to the arbitrationdevice (807) for switchable connection to electrodes of the internalcontact plate (806). According to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 8C,the MCU (802) has permanent connections with various electrodes of theexternal contact plate (804), namely GND (808), Vcc (810, 822) and CLK(814, 826). Similarly, the I/O electrode of the external contact plate(804) and the internal contact plate (806) are permanently connected toeach other and the serial I/O communication connection point of the MCU(802). The embodiment depicted in FIG. 8C has the advantage of reducingattempts to monitor communications between the MCU (802) and the EMVdevice (800) by accessing electrodes of the external contact plate (804)but suffers the disadvantage that some parts of the transaction flow areinterrupted by a switchable device, namely, the arbitration device (807)and hence, re-certification of the device embodied in the DTC may berequired.

With reference to FIG. 8D, a further alternative embodiment is depictedwherein the embodiment includes an external Vcc detection circuit (838)which acts to detect the presence of electrical power connected toexternal contact plate electrode Vcc (810) which would indicate theconnection of the external contact plate with a digital transactiondevice for the purpose of conducting a digital transaction. In thisembodiment, the external contact plate electrode Vcc (810) is connectedto the MCU (802) through an external Vcc detection circuit such that theMCU (802) can receive a signal confirming that electrical power has beenapplied to external contact plate electrode (810) thus indicating theinsertion of the digital transaction card into a digital transactiondevice (e.g. an EFTPOS terminal or an ATM). In this embodiment, selectedelectrodes of the external contact plate, namely, the GND (808)electrode and the RST (812) electrode are connected to independentswitchable devices (834 and 836) which can connect those electrodes toeither the MCU (802) or their counterpart electrodes in the internalcontact plate, namely, GND (820) electrode and RST (824) electroderespectively. This embodiment has the advantage of providing MCU (802)with a signal from the external Vcc detection circuit (838) indicatingthat the user has elected to conduct a digital transaction and hence,the MCU (802) can cease its communication with the EMV device (800) inorder to allow a digital transaction to be completed by the user andsubsequently resuming communication between MCU (802) and the EMV device(800) upon detection of the absence of electrical power connected to theVcc (810) electrode of the external contact plate (804). It will berecognised by skilled readers that a Vcc Detection Circuit could be usedin any embodiment to provide an indication to the MCU that power hasbeen applied to the Vcc electrode thus indicating insertion of the DTCinto a transaction device.

In yet a further embodiment, FIG. 8E depicts a configuration wherein theexternal contact plate (804) electrodes are directly and permanentlyconnected to their counterpart electrodes of the internal contact plate(806) and at the same time are permanently connected to appropriatesignal lines of the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800). In thisparticular configuration, the electrodes of the external control plate(804) and internal contact plate (806) are permanently connected withboth the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800) thereby requiring anycommunication between the MCU (802) and EMV device (800) to be encrypted(832) to thwart any attempt to monitor, or interfere with,communications between the two device by accessing the electrodes of theexternal contact plate (804). Whilst this particular embodiment has thedisadvantage of requiring encryption of all communications between theMCU (802) and the EMV device (800), it does embody the advantage ofavoiding any interruption to the existing transaction flow that wouldoccur with a EMV device (800) when taking part in a digital transactionand hence should avoid any need to re-certify the EMV device whenincorporated in a Digital Transaction Card with communication effectedbetween the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800) according to theembodiment depicted in FIG. 8E.

With reference to FIG. 8F, a further alternative embodiment foreffecting communication between an MCU (802) and EMV device (800) isdepicted. In this particular embodiment, the individual electrodes ofthe external contact plate (804) are directly and permanently connectedto their counterpart electrodes of the internal contact plate (806)which in turn are permanently connected to the relevant electricalconnection points of the EMV device (800). However, in order to effectcommunication between the MCU (802) and the EMV device (800), eachdevice is provided with its own antenna, namely, EMV device antenna(839) and MCU controller antenna (840). In the embodiment of FIG. 8F,both the EMV device (800) and the MCU (802) have their own RFcommunications circuitry incorporated into the respective device suchthat each device can communicate wirelessly. In an embodiment, the EMVdevice (800) and the MCU (802) are equipped with RF communicationcircuitry that can be electrically attached to an antenna and cancommunicate in accordance with the NFC communications protocol. In thisinstance, the EMV device (800) and MCU (802) effectively communicatewith each other by NFC communications conducted on the digitaltransaction card.

Of course, in the embodiment of FIG. 8F, it is necessary to encrypt(832) any communication between the EMV device (800) and the MCU (802)in order to avoid external third parties monitoring those communicationsby use of an NFC receiving device but as for various of theaforementioned embodiments, the embodiment of FIG. 8F has the advantagethat there is no potential interruption to the transaction flow thatwould usually occur between an external contact plate and an EMV device.Hence, re-certification would likely be avoided with such an embodimentfor effecting communications between an EMV device (800) and an MCU(802) incorporated in a Digital Transaction Card.

When seeking to develop a Digital Transaction Card that is operable withan existing digital transaction network infrastructure, it is preferablethat the Digital Transaction Card is operable to communicate withdevices already present within an existing network infrastructureaccording to the communication capabilities and protocols recognised andestablished for devices in that network. In this regard, merchantterminals, and other devices such as Automatic Teller Machines, thatpresently exist in established digital transaction networks providecommunication facilities between credit cards and devices according tothe standards developed for Near Field Communications, physical contactwith the EMV device contacts of a credit card and by swiping and readingthe magnetic stripe on the rear face of a credit card. Accordingly, whenseeking to provide a Digital Transaction Card operable with an existingtransaction network yet including additional functionality, it ispreferable to provide a Digital Transaction Card that is operable withan existing digital transaction network according to the currentprotocol standards and interfaces. As a result, it is preferred toprovide a DTC that also has the capability to be used with a merchantterminal that relies upon the use of the magnetic stripe and as aresult, in an embodiment of the invention, the DTC is provided with adynamic magnetic stripe that is controlled by the magnetic stripecomponent (632) as depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B.

In this regard, since the DTC according to an embodiment of theinvention is operable to adopt any one of a number of personalities thatmay be selected and activated by a user, the magnetic stripe on the rearface of the Digital Transaction Card requires a magnetic stripe that maybe configured according to the personality of the Digital TransactionCard at any particular point in time. Accordingly, the MCU (608) isprovided with a data connection with the magnetic stripe component (632)as depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B and is operable to configure the magneticstripe on the rear face of the Digital Transaction Card such that itaccords with the magnetic stripe relevant to the personality of theDigital Transaction Card at any particular point in time.

Further, since the Digital Transaction Card according to the embodimentof the invention depicted in the Figures may include a display, the MCU(608) is provided with direct connection with the display module (634)as depicted in FIGS. 6A and 6B which drives the display (634) that canbe used to provide information to a user of the Digital Transaction Cardindependently of the user’s mobile device (600).

A Digital Transaction Card according to an embodiment of the inventionprovides a user with the ability to combine various Digital TransactionCards onto a single card with the ability to select and activate any oneof the various personalities that are stored on the card at anyparticular point in time for the purpose of effecting a transaction.Further, according to the embodiments depicted herein, the DigitalTransaction Card is operable according to all of the available protocolsand interfaces that presently exist in established digital transactionnetworks and therefore, a Digital Transaction Card according to anembodiment described in the present specification can be used withexisting digital transaction networks anywhere in the world. This isparticularly important for countries in which the installed digitaltransaction network includes devices that have yet to be upgraded tocommunicate with Digital Transaction Cards according to NFC capabilitiesand may be restricted to either direct physical contact with the EMVdevice contact plate or use of the magnetic stripe which may beprevalent in countries that are considered to fall within the categoryof “developing nations.” Further, even in “developed nations” whereinthe existing digital transaction network infrastructure includes manyterminals that have NFC communication capabilities, many consumers havenot yet elected to adopt the E-Wallet services offered by manycommercial operators since their mobile phone or smartphone device doesnot have NFC communication capabilities. In order to use the presentlyoffered E-Wallet commercial services, it is necessary to implement thoseservices on a smartphone that includes NFC communication facilities. Ofcourse, a Digital Transaction Card according to an embodiment describedin the present specification may communicate with any device thatincorporates a Bluetooth communications facility which includes manyolder generation smartphones and hence, according to an embodiment ofthe invention, a user may select and activate a particular personalityfor a Digital Transaction Card by selecting and activating thatpersonality on their smartphone equipped solely with Bluetoothcommunication facilities and communicate that command to a DigitalTransaction Card according to established Bluetooth communicationprotocols. Having selected and activated a particular personality fortheir Digital Transaction Card using Bluetooth communication facilities,the Digital Transaction Card may be used to effect a transaction with anexisting digital transaction network according to any of the currentlyavailable protocols and interfaces including magnetic stripe andphysical contact with the EMV device contact plate.

TABLE 1 is a chart of the aforementioned DTC embodiments (314, 316, 318and 322) depicted in FIG. 3D when the EMV device associated with the DTCis software-enhanced detailing the combination of features in eachembodiment. It will be understood that this listing of embodimentsrepresents only a selection of possible embodiments and does notrepresent an exhaustive list of all possible embodiments. In the TABLE 1below, the tick ✔ symbol signifies that a feature is present, and thecross × symbol signifies that a feature is not present.

TABLE 1 Software-Enhanced (Java EMV with applet) Embodiment EMV Devicehaving Modified Contactless Comms Capability MCU MCU with NFC CommsCapability MCU with Bluetooth Comms Capability Battery Card DisplayScroll / Enter Keys 314 ✔ × × × × × × 316 × ✔ ✔ × ✔ × × ✔ 318 × ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔4/8 Active Matrix ✔ × 322 × ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 4/8 Active Matrix ✔

In the first embodiment in TABLE 1, the DTC (314) requires the use of aData Assistance Device (DAD) with a modified NFC capability such as asmartphone to communicate data and commands to an applet associated withthe EMV device that can establish a secure session between theNFC-enabled DAD and the DTC via a contactless interface. In this regard,the DAD requires an application that establishes a secure session withthe DTC. Data sent via the secure session includes APDU packetscontaining commands, for example Global Platform Commands, or APDUpackets containing commands that authorize a management applet on theEMV device to send Global Platform Commands to applets containing cardpersonalities. The commands sent to the management applet may include asequence of commands to install a new personality or to change anoperational parameter or status of an existing personality. DTC (314)further requires software encryption to isolate the EMV external contactplate, as described above with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8F. The DTC(314) is limited to use with an NFC-enabled phone, but has the advantageof low cost and low propensity to fail since the DTC does not include anMCU, display or scroll/enter keys.

DTC (316) also requires the use of a Data Assistance Device (DAD), suchas a smartphone, to communicate data and commands to an appletassociated with the EMV device that can establish a secure sessionbetween the NFC-enabled DAD and the DTC via a contactless interface. Thedifference between DTCs (314) and (316) is that DTC (316) includes anMCU that can accept wireless communication (e.g. NFC), and can accept asecure session between the DAD and the DTC containing the MCU. Theapplication on the DAD creates a secure session with the MCU within theDTC and data sent via the secure session includes APDU packetscontaining commands, for example Global Platform Commands, where the MCUforwards the commands to the EMV applet. DTC (316) may further includesoftware encryption to isolate the EMV external contact plate, but alsoallows hardware encryption involving physical isolation of the EMVcontact plate as described above with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8F. Theadvantages of using DTC (316) include low to medium cost and lowpropensity to fail, and includes an MCU that can assist data transferwith a DAD.

DTC (318) also requires the use of a Data Assistance Device (DAD), suchas a smartphone, to communicate data and commands to an appletassociated with the EMV device that can establish a secure sessionbetween an NFC or Bluetooth enabled DAD and the DTC via a contactlessinterface. DTC (318) includes an MCU that can accept wirelesscommunication (e.g. Bluetooth and NFC), and can accept a secure sessionbetween the DAD and the DTC containing the MCU. The application on theDAD creates a secure session to the MCU within the DTC and data sent viathe secure session includes APDU packets containing commands, forexample Global Platform Commands, where the MCU forwards the commands tothe EMV applet. In addition, DTC (318) is configured to accept commandsthat authorize the MCU to send APDU packets containing commands, forexample Global Platform Commands, to amend parameters pertaining to apersonality. DTC (318) may further include software encryption toisolate the EMV external contact plate, or hardware encryption involvingphysical isolation of the EMV contact plate as described above withreference to FIGS. 8A-8F. The advantages of using DTC (318) includemedium cost, medium propensity to fail, and is not limited to use withan NFC-enabled DAD, but in view of DTC (318) including an MCU anddisplay (320) there is a higher cost associated with production of DTC(318) as compared with DTC (314) and (316).

When using DTC (322), the skilled addressee will understand that the useof a DAD such as a smartphone is not necessarily required, but may beused, to change the personality of the card. In any event, the DAD isnecessary to initially set up the card and download/store multiplepersonalities, but subsequent to the initial setup, the card itself maybe used to change the operational parameters of a card’s personalityusing the scroll/enter keys (326). The DTC (322) contains an applet, andan MCU that can accept wireless communication (e.g. Bluetooth or NFC), asecure session between the DAD and the DTC containing the MCU (i.e.during the initial setup), and a secure session between the MCU and theEMV for subsequent amendments to the parameters of a personalityinvolving transfer of data between the MCU and EMV (applet or managementapplet). The MCU is programmed to accept commands from a localinterface, which may for example include the scroll/enter keys (326),and convert the keystrokes into commands. The application on the DADcreates a secure session with the MCU within the DTC during the initialsetup of the DTC (322) and data sent via the secure session includesAPDU packets containing commands, for example Global Platform Commands,where the MCU is authorised to forward the commands onto the EMV applet.In an alternative embodiment, data that is sent via the secure sessionwill consist of commands that authorize the MCU to send APDU packetscontaining commands to a management applet on the EMV device. TheManagement applet then sends commands (for example global platformcommands) to effect an amendment to an operational parameters or statusto the appropriate applet. When the scroll/enter keys (326) are used tochange the personality of the DTC (322), transmission is authorized bythe local interface that authorizes the MCU to send APDU packetscontaining authorization commands to either the Management app or GlobalPlatform Commands to the applet containing the card personality /personalities. DTC (322) may further include software encryption toisolate the EMV external contact plate, or hardware encryption involvingphysical isolation of the EMV contact plate as described above withreference to FIGS. 8A - 8F.

DTC (322) has the advantage of locally selecting one from many multipleconcurrent personalities stored on the card with no risk of discovery ofcard details during updates or changes (i.e. changes to status/updates)since card details are not transmitted. In addition, less time isrequired to effect updates or changes (i.e. changes to status/updates),minimal amounts of data is required to be transferred to effect a changein personality, and the ability to change DTC personalities without theuse of a DAD. However, DTC (322) has a higher production cost and due toits complexity may have a higher propensity to fail.

Table 2 is a chart of the abovementioned DTC embodiments (314, 316, 318and 322) when the EMV device associated with the DTC isfirmware-modified, detailing the combination of features that arepresent in each embodiment. Again, the ✔ symbol signifies that a featureis present, and the × symbol signifies that a feature is not present,and it is to be understood that this listing of embodiments representsonly a selection of possible embodiments that may be configured withdiffering combinations of features and is not intended to represent anexhaustive listing.

TABLE 2 Firmware-Modified EMV Device Embodiment EMV Device havingModified Contactless Comms Capability Multiple Personalities for SingleCard Association Scheme Multiple Personalities for Multiple CardAssociation Schemes MCU with NFC Comms Capability MCU with BluetoothComms Capability Card Display Scroll / Enter Keys 314 ✔ ✔ × × × × × 316× × × ✔ × × × ✔ 318 × ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 4/8 Active Matrix × 322 × ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 4/8Active Matrix

In the first embodiment in TABLE 2, the DTC (314) requires the use of aData Assistance Device (DAD) with a modified NFC capability such as asmartphone to communicate data to an EMV device that isfirmware-modified. As previously described, a firmware-modified EMVdevice has an external DTC CPU that includes firmware that is operableto write data (for example, LDTDP data) to staging memory, such that,when the DTPU is activated, the DTPU copies the data to secure recordmemory (secure element) in the DTPU in a manner that causes the DTC toadopt a particular card personality or assist in conducting a digitaltransaction in some other way. Data relating to each personality may bestored in memory associated with the DAD, wherein communications betweenthe DAD and DTC may be in the form of a command to download and copy thedata into the secure element for the purpose of updating the personalityof the DTC. The firmware-modified DTC (314) is limited to use with anNFC-enabled DAD and use of an EMV device having modified contactlesscommunications capability in order to securely receive data receivedfrom the NFC-enabled DAD, but has the advantage of being able to adoptmultiple personalities for a single Card Association Scheme and low costand low propensity to fail since the DTC (314) does not include an MCU,display or scroll/enter keys.

The firmware-modified DTC (316) also requires the use of a DataAssistance Device (DAD), such as a smartphone, to communicate data to anEMV device that is firmware-modified as described above. The differencebetween DTCs (314) and (316) is that DTC (316) includes an MCU that canstore data relating to multiple personalities (and/or data that may berelevant to changing some other digital transaction parameter) ratherthan storing same in the DAD memory, and can accept a secure sessionbetween a DAD with wireless connectivity (either NFC or Bluetooth) andthe DTC containing the MCU which also has wireless connectivity (eitherNFC or Bluetooth). The advantages of using the firmware-modified DTC(316) include low cost and low propensity to fail, there being norequirement for an NFC-enabled DAD (in that the MCU can acceptcommunication with a phone that is solely Bluetooth-enabled, forexample), the ability to adopt multiple personalities for a single CardAssociation Scheme, and the presence of an MCU that can assist securedata transfer from the DAD and does not require the use of an EMV devicehaving modified contactless communications capability.

DTC (318) in TABLE 2 also requires the use of a Data Assistance Device(DAD), such as a smartphone, to communicate data to a firmware-modifiedEMV device that can establish a secure session between a DAD withwireless connectivity (NFC and/or Bluetooth) and the DTC via acontactless interface. DTC (318) includes an MCU that can acceptwireless communication from both NFC and Bluetooth-enabled DADs, and canthereby establish a secure session between a majority of phones and theDTC containing the MCU. The advantages of using DTC (318) includelow-to-medium cost, low-to-medium propensity to fail, and there being norequirement to use solely an NFC-enabled DAD, but in view of DTC (318)including an MCU and display (320) there is a higher cost associatedwith production of DTC (318) as compared with DTC (314) and (316).

When using the DTC (322) described in TABLE 2, the skilled addresseewill understand that the use of a DAD such as a smartphone is notnecessarily required, but may be used, to change the personality of thecard or to assist in some other way in conducting a digital transaction.In any event, the DAD is necessary to initially set up the card anddownload/store multiple personalities in the MCU, but subsequent to theinitial setup, the card itself may be used to change the operationalparameters of a card’s personality or to assist the digital transactionin some other way using the scroll/enter keys (326). An MCU is used toaccept wireless communication (both Bluetooth and NFC) from the DADduring an initial setup, and is further programmed to accept commandsfrom a local interface, which may for example include the scroll/enterkeys (326), and convert the keystrokes into commands. When thescroll/enter keys (326) are used to change the personality of the DTC(322) or to perform some other task that assists the digitaltransaction, transmission is authorized by the local interface thatauthorizes the MCU to select stored data and copy same to the secureelement.

DTC (322) has the advantage of locally selecting one from many multipleconcurrent personalities stored on the card with no risk of discovery ofcard details during updates or changes (i.e. changes to status/updates)since card details are not transmitted. Further advantages includereduced time to effect updates or changes (i.e. changes tostatus/updates), minimal amounts of data being required to betransferred to effect a change in personality, and the ability to changeDTC personalities without the use of a DAD. However, DTC (322) has ahigher production cost and due to its complexity may have a higherpropensity to fail.

The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and shouldnot be taken as, an acknowledgement or any suggestion that the prior artforms part of the common general knowledge.

Throughout this specification and claims which follow, unless thecontext requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as“comprises” and “comprising”, will be understood to mean the inclusionof a stated integer or step, or group of integers or steps, but not theexclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

It will be understood by persons skilled in the relevant field oftechnology that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made tothe invention as detailed in the embodiments without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The presentembodiments are therefore to be considered in all aspects asillustrative and not restrictive.

The claims defining the invention are as follows:
 1. Digital transactionapparatus including: a Data Assistance Device (DAD), including: a userinterface that is operable to at least select data, and a DADtransmitter; a Digital Transaction Card (DTC), including: a DigitalTransaction Processing Unit (DTPU), and a DTC receiver, wherein the DADand DTC are operable to transfer data from the DAD to the DTC and whensubsequently using the DTC to effect a digital transaction, the DTCoperates in accordance with data selected and transferred from the DADto the DTC, wherein the DTPU is configured to enable data communicationwith a digital transaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPUoperable to receive and execute one or more commands that emulatecommands received from the digital transaction device.
 2. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the emulation is ofone or more functions that would otherwise be enacted with the DTC inoperation with the digital transaction device.
 3. Digital transactionapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transferred data includesdata pertaining to one or more selectable personalities.
 4. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the selected andtransferred data includes one or more instructions.
 5. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the one or moreinstructions include instructions to change a current personality of theDTC to a personality selected from a plurality of selectablepersonalities.
 6. Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 3,wherein data pertaining to the plurality of selectable personalities isstored on the DAD, and changing the current personality of the DTC tothe selected personality includes: receiving, by the DAD and byoperation of the DAD user interface, the instruction to change thecurrent personality of the DTC to the selected personality;transmitting, by the DAD transceiver to the DTC transceiver, datarelated to the selected personality; and implementing, in the DTC, achange from the current personality to the selected personality inaccordance with the data such that when the DTC operates with a digitaltransaction device to effect the digital transaction, the digitaltransaction device recognises the selected personality.
 7. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 3, wherein data related to theplurality of selectable personalities is stored on the DTC, and changingthe current personality of the DTC to the selected personality includes:receiving, by the DAD, and by operation of the DAD user interface, theinstruction to change the current personality of the DTC to the selectedpersonality; transmitting, by the DAD transceiver to the DTCtransceiver, the instruction to change the current personality of theDTC to the selected personality; and implementing, in the DTC, a changefrom the current personality to the selected personality in accordancewith the instruction such that when the DTC operates with a digitaltransaction device to effect the digital transaction, the digitaltransaction device recognises the selected personality.
 8. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DTC includes auser interface.
 9. Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 3,wherein the selected data transferred from the DAD to the DTC includingdata pertaining to the plurality of selectable personalities and storedon the DTC are individually selectable by operation of the DTC userinterface.
 10. Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 9,wherein changing a current personality of the DTC to the selectedpersonality includes: receiving, by operation of the DTC user interface,one or more instructions to change the current personality of the DTC tothe selected personality; and implementing, in the DTC, a change fromthe current personality to the selected personality in accordance withthe one or more instructions such that when the DTC operates with adigital transaction device to effect the digital transaction, thedigital transaction device recognises the selected personality. 11.Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the DTCscroll keys enable user selection of a personality from the plurality ofpersonalities and the display indicates the selectable personality. 12.Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DTCexternal processor is for receiving and storing transferred data. 13.Digital transaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DTCincludes a display for displaying information.
 14. Digital transactionapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the DTPU is an EMV deviceoperating in accordance with firmware wherein the firmware has beenmodified to enable the EMV device to receive and execute an expanded setof commands that, when executed, allows the writing of data to a securememory element of the EMV device.
 15. Digital transaction apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the DTPU is an EMV device including asoftware module having instruction code which, when executed, causes theEMV device to receive and execute commands according to the GlobalPlatform Standard Command set including commands to install an Appletdisplaying a credit card personality.
 16. Digital transaction apparatusaccording to claim 14, wherein a digital transaction device interfaceswith the EMV device by physical connection with contact terminals of theEMV device, or by contactless connection (ISO 14443 Standard), or byinteraction between a magnetic stripe reader associated with the digitaltransaction device and a magnetic stripe of the DTC.
 17. Digitaltransaction apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the DTC is awearable device including a watch, a wrist band, a ring or an item ofjewellery. 18-22. (canceled)
 23. A Digital Transaction Card (DTC)including: a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU); and a DTCreceiver that is operable to receive user-selected data from atransmitter associated with a Data Assistance Device (DAD), wherein theuser-selected data that is received causes the DTC to operate inaccordance with the user-selected data when the DTC is subsequently usedto effect a digital transaction, and wherein the DTPU is configured toenable data communication with a digital transaction device during adigital transaction, the DTPU operable to receive and execute commandsthat emulate one or more commands received from the digital transactiondevice.
 24. (canceled)
 25. A digital transaction method including:selecting data, by a user interface of a Data Assistance Device (DAD);transferring the selected data by a DAD transmitter associated with theDAD to a receiver associated with a Digital Transaction Card (DTC)having a Digital Transaction Processing Unit (DTPU); and effecting, bythe DTC, a digital transaction wherein the DTC operates in accordancewith the data selected and transferred from the DAD to the DTC, whereinthe DTPU is configured to enable data communication with a digitaltransaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPU operable toreceive and execute commands that emulate one or more commands receivedfrom the digital transaction device. 26-35. (canceled)
 36. Acomputer-readable medium storing one or more instructions that, whenexecuted by one or more processors associated with a Digital TransactionCard (DTC), cause the one or more processors to: receive user selecteddata, from a Data Assistance Device (DAD); and subsequently effect adigital transaction wherein the DTC operates in accordance with theuser-selected data, wherein the DTC includes a Digital TransactionProcessing Unit (DTPU) configured to enable data communication with adigital transaction device during a digital transaction, the DTPUoperable to receive and execute commands that emulate commands receivedfrom the digital transaction device. 37-41. (canceled)